LEXAR 16GB - 30c3s

Der Kampf um Netzneutralität - Wer kontrolliert das Netz? [30C3]
Markus Beckedahl, Thomas Lohninger

Seit Jahren nur in Fachzirkeln diskutiert gab es 2013 den Durchbruch für die Debatte um Netzneutralität. Mit der Ankündigung der Deutschen Telekom im Frühjahr, zukünftig auf Volumentarife umzusteigen und Partnerdienste priorisiert durchzulassen, wurde Netzneutralität eines der meistdiskutierten netzpolitischen Debatten des Jahres.
Auf nationaler Ebene startete das Bundeswirtschaftsminsiterium eine Diskussion über eine Verordnung und auf EU-Ebene legte die Kommission einen Verordnungsvorschlag vor. Worum geht es in dieser Debatte, und wer sind die Stakeholder mit welchen Interessen? Was sind die Argumentationen, und wie sehen die konkreten politischen Prozesse auf nationaler und EU-Ebene dazu aus? Wie geht die Debatte weiter und was kann man selbst tun?
Redner: Markus Beckedahl Thomas Lohninger
EventID: 5348
Event: 30. Chaos Communication Congress [30c3] des Chaos Computer Club [CCC]
Ort: Congress Centrum Hamburg (CCH); Am Dammtor; Marseiller Straße; 20355 Hamburg; Deutschland
Sprache: deutsch
Beginn: Fr. 27.12.2013 21:45:00 +01:00
Lizenz: CC-by

LEXAR 16GB - 30c3s

How to Build a Mind - Artificial Intelligence Reloaded [30c3]

Joscha Bach

A foray into the present, future and ideas of Artificial Intelligence. Are we going to build (beyond) human-level artificial intelligence one day? Very likely. When? Nobody knows, because the specs are not fully done yet. But let me give you some of those we already know, just to get you started.
While large factions within the philosophy of mind still seem to struggle over the relationship between mind, world, meaning, intentionality, subjectivity, phenomenal experience, personhood and autonomy, Artificial Intelligence (AI) offers a clear and concise set of answers to these basic questions, as well as avenues of pursuing their eventual understanding. In the view of AI, minds are computational machines, whereby computationalism is best understood as the most contemporary version of the mechanist world view. In the lecture, I will briefly address some of the basic ideas that will underlie a unified computational model of the mind, and especially focus on a computational understanding of motivation and autonomy, representation and grounding, associative thinking, reason and creativity.
Speaker: Joscha Bach
EventID: 5526
Event: 30th Chaos Communication Congress [30c3] by the Chaos Computer Club [CCC]
Location: Congress Centrum Hamburg (CCH); Am Dammtor; Marseiller Straße; 20355 Hamburg; Germany
Language: english
Begin: Sun, 12/29/2013 16:00:00 +01:00
Lizenz: CC-by

LEXAR 16GB - 30c3s

Keine Anhaltspunkte für flächendeckende Überwachung [30c3]

Martin Haase, maha khamacher

Die Diskussion um NSA, PRISM, Tempora sprachlich und logisch aufgearbeitet
Die Enthüllungen Edward Snowdens haben die deutsche Politik für kurze Zeit in Aufregung gebracht. Für eine Beruhigung reichte es bereits aus, die Enthüllungen in sprachlich-logisch cleverer Weise zu verarbeiten, sie teilweise in ein anderen Kontext zu stellen und so schließlich Entwarnung geben zu können: Die Bundesregierung hat "keine Anhaltspunkte für flächendeckende Ãœberwachung".
Bei diesem Vorgehen handelt sich um ein Paradebeispiel dafür, wie mit einfachen sprachlich-rhetorischen Tricks die politisch Verantwortlichen die Öffentlichkeit und sich selbst so weit täuschten, dass es ihnen nicht mehr nötig erschien, sich mit den eigentlichen Problemen auseinanderzusetzen, und so das leidige Thema aus dem Wahlkampf herausgehalten werden konnte. Neben den mittlerweile zum Standard gehörenden "Basta"-Floskeln spielte das Phänomen der Modalisierung eine besondere Rolle, wie die genauere Analyse zeigt. Auch logische Fehler wie Zirkelschlüssel und (zu) strikte Einschränkung des thematischen Bezugs erlaubten diese "Flucht-nach-vorne"-Strategie. Die Häufung sprachlicher Tricks und des logisch-inhaltlichen Ausweichens legen eine Inszenierung nahe. Die im Bundestag vertretenen Parteien äußerten sich alle zu den Snowden-Enthüllungen. ErwartungsgemÃ¤ß griff die Opposition die Regierung scharf an, während die Regierung sehr schnell dabei war abzuwiegeln -- zunächst eher ungeschickt. Dann trat eine überraschende Wende ein: Plötzlich waren sich alle einig, dass die NSA-Affäre vorbei sei. Selbst die Opposition beruhigte sich, die zunächst davon gesprochen hatte, Merkel habe ihren Amtseid gebrochen. Interessant ist, dass die Wende vor allem sprachlich vollzogen wurde, wie sich an den Äußerungen sehr schön zeigen lässt. Vor allem die Verwendung auffälliger Adverbien, von Zirkelschlüssen und die teilweise drastische Einschränkung der Bezüge sind entlarvend. Zu Wort kommen neben Angela Merkel, Ronald Pofalla, Thomas Oppermann und andere Protagonisten dieser besonderen Art von Imagepolitik.
Redner: Martin Haase/maha khamacher (neusprech.org)
EventID: 5281
Event: 30. Chaos Communication Congress [30c3] des Chaos Computer Club [CCC]
Ort: Congress Centrum Hamburg (CCH); Am Dammtor; Marseiller Straße; 20355 Hamburg; Deutschland
Sprache: deutsch
Beginn: Fr. 27.12.2013 14:00:00 +01:00
Lizenz: CC-by

LEXAR 16GB - 30c3s

Kryptographie nach Snowden [30C3]

Was tun nach der mittelmäßigen Kryptographie-Apokalypse?
Die Verwendung von mittelmäßiger Kryptographie scheint gegen Angreifer mit Milliarden-Etat komplett versagt zu haben. Namentlich RC4, MD5 und SHA1 scheinen praxisrelevant brechbar.
Der Vortrag beschreibt die aktuelle Bedrohungslage, gibt praktische Ratschläge für sichere Kryptographie und wagt einen Ausblick auf zwei kommende Kryptodesaster insbesondere im Bereiche "Trusted Computing".
Redner: ruedi
EventID: 5337
Event: 30. Chaos Communication Congress [30c3] des Chaos Computer Club [CCC]
Ort: Congress Centrum Hamburg (CCH); Am Dammtor; Marseiller Straße; 20355 Hamburg; Deutschland
Sprache: deutsch
Beginn: 27.12.2013 17:15:00 +01:00
Lizenz: CC-by

LEXAR 8GB - 30c3

Nerds in the news [30c3]

Spending a year coding in a newsroom
Friedrich Lindenberg
Knight-Mozilla OpenNews sends coders into news organisations on a ten-month fellowship to make new tools for reporting and measuring the news. We believe that to remain relevant, journalism has to smarten up about tech and data. As a global community, we develop tools to datamine public data, news apps to make information accessible, and visualisations to break down complex stories. In my talk, I want to present the lessons about tech that I've learned in a newsroom and the things that still need to be built.
The internet is destroying the business of news. Not only does the web make it harder to sell advertising on dead trees, it also changes what it means to investigate and tell a good news story. Scoops aren't just researched on the phone anymore, but in scraped databases or leaked data dumps. Yet most journalists are missing the skills to access such information effectively. This means two things: we need training for journos and collaborations between hacks and hackers. Some news organisations are waking up to this fact: the New York Times has an interactive team that employs some of the best web developers, and the non-profit ProPublica has its own nerd team working as data-driven reporters. Working in a news organisation requires coders to change the way they do things and to focus on telling a good story, rather than building a beautiful application. After coding on open data applications for a few years, I applied to join OpenNews and to try and build data-driven news applications from inside a news organisation. After a year at Spiegel Online and visiting news orgs around the world, I've explored not just the weird space of online news, but also the kinds of systems that we need to build to enable journalists to run their investigations deeper, and to keep track of the knowledge they collect.
Speaker: Friedrich Lindenberg
EventID: 5494
Event: 30th Chaos Communication Congress [30c3] by the Chaos Computer Club [CCC]
Location: Congress Centrum Hamburg (CCH); Am Dammtor; Marseiller Straße; 20355 Hamburg; Germany
Language: english
Begin: Sun, 12/29/2013 16:45:00 +01:00
Lizenz: CC-by

LEXAR 8GB - 30c3

The Internet (Doesn't) Need Another Security Guide [30c3]

Creating Internet Privacy and Security Resources That Don't Suck
evacide
As Internet privacy/security professionals and amateur enthusiasts, we are often asked to give advice about best practices in this field. Sometimes this takes the form of one-on-one advice to our friends, sometimes it's training a room full of people, and sometimes you may be asked to write a blog post or a brief guide or an entire curriculum. This talk will survey the current Internet privacy guide landscape and discuss the perils and pitfalls of creating this type of resource, using the Electronic Frontier Foundation's Surveillance Self Defense project as a case study.
As a result of the Snowden leaks, we are learning more and more about the capabilities of potential adversaries such as the NSA, GCHQ, and agencies within China, Russia, and Israel with every passing day. With each new revelation, there is greater uncertainty about privacy and security best practices, especially if your threat model includes a state-level adversary. This talk will discuss the following points: What resources already exist? How should best practices change in light of the Snowden leaks? What makes a good security/privacy resource? How did the Electronic Frontier Foundation confront these questions while rewriting their Internet privacy guide?
Speaker: evacide
EventID: 5538
Event: 30th Chaos Communication Congress [30c3] by the Chaos Computer Club [CCC]
Location: Congress Centrum Hamburg (CCH); Am Dammtor; Marseiller Straße; 20355 Hamburg; Germany
Language: english
Begin: Sun, 12/29/2013 20:30:00 +01:00
Lizenz: CC-by

LEXAR 8GB - 30c3

Ãœberwachen und Sprache [30C3]

Joachim Scharloth

Der Vortrag stellt fortgeschrittene linguistische Methoden des politisch motivierten Internetmonitorings vor. Er gibt keine Anleitung, wie man sich der Ãœberwachung wirkungsvoll entziehen kann, denn das ist ohnehin zwecklos.
Nach den Enthüllungen von Edward Snowden träumten nicht wenige Netzaktivisten davon, mit Hilfe eines "Keyword-DDoS" das Ãœberwachungssystem der NSA unbrauchbar machen zu können. Durch das wahllose Einfügen von Wörtern in E-Mails, die beim Monitoring als Indikatoren für relevante Inhalte verwendet werden, sollte das Ãœberwachungssystem des amerikanischen Auslandsgeheimdienstes überlastet werden. Solche Pläne zeigen, dass die Vorstellung verbreitet ist, die Suche nach für die Nachrichtendienste Interessantem funktioniere vorwiegend über eine Schlagwortsuche. Dabei gibt es längst sehr viel mächtigere Methoden aus dem informatischen Information Retrieval und Text Mining, um große Textmengen effizient nach Inhalten zu durchsuchen. Einige davon möchte ich in meinem Vortrag vorstellen. Zunächst werde ich einige grundlegende computerlinguistische Analysekategorien einführen (Kollokationen, n-Gramme, semanitsche Taxonomien etc.) und dann an ausgewählten Beispielen ihre Anwendung zur Identifizierung von Personen, Themen, Ideologien und Ãœberzeugungsgraden illustrieren.
Redner: josch
EventID: 5377
Event: 30. Chaos Communication Congress [30c3] des Chaos Computer Club [CCC]
Ort: Congress Centrum Hamburg (CCH); Am Dammtor; Marseiller Straße; 20355 Hamburg; Deutschland
Sprache: deutsch
Beginn: Fr. 27.12.2013 12:45:00 +01:00
Lizenz: CC-by

LEXAR 16GB - 30c3s

Warum die digitale Revolution des Lernens gescheitert ist [30c3]

Fünf Desillusionen
Jöran Muuß-Merholz
Der digitale Wandel hat uns grandiose Chancen für selbstbestimmtes, kreatives, kollaboratives, kritisches und demokratisches Lernen gebracht. Wir haben sie nicht genutzt.
Am Morgen nach der Erfindung des Internets stand der Erste auf, um die Revolution des Lernens auszurufen. Jahrzehnte später haben wir alles an Technologie, was für die Revolution nötig erschien. Und alle Ziele grandios verfehlt. Die Verheißungen blieben aus. Es kamen elearning anstelle von selbstbestimmtem Lernen, Friss-oder-Stirb-Apps anstelle von (De-)Konstruktionswerkzeugen, multimediale Vokabeltrainer anstelle von grenzenlosen Communities, elitäre Edu-Zirkel anstelle einer Demokratisierung des Lernens. Stattdessen haben wir bunte YouTube-Videos, die das Schulfernsehen der 1970er Jahre kopieren. Wir besuchen den Massen-Onlinekurs statt den Massen-Hörsaal, Google statt die Bibliothek. Mit digitalen Schulbüchern können wir praktisch weniger anfangen als mit den analogen Vorgängern. In das Lexikon kann man inzwischen reinschreiben - macht aber keiner. Graf Zahl heißt jetzt Salman Khan. Mario Sixtus ist unser Jean Pütz. Zeit für Ernüchterung. Oder?
Redner: Jöran Muuß-Merholz
EventID: 5467
Event: 30. Chaos Communication Congress [30c3] des Chaos Computer Club [CCC]
Ort: Congress Centrum Hamburg (CCH); Am Dammtor; Marseiller Straße; 20355 Hamburg; Deutschland
Sprache: deutsch
Beginn: Mo. 30.12.2013 12:45:00 +01:00
Lizenz: CC-by

LEXAR 16GB - 30c3s

World War II Hackers [30c3]

Stalin's best men, armed with paper and pen
Anja Drephal
The use of encryption to secure sensitive data from unauthorized eyes is as old as human communication itself. Before the relatively new method of computerized encryption software converting data into a format unintelligible to anyone lacking the necessary key for its decryption, for a long time there was pen and paper and the human brain doing quite a bit of work. Up until the 20th century encryption had to be done literally by hand, to then be transmitted in paper form, via telegraphy or radio. In this context, encryption of data has always been of special importance during times of political conflict and war; subsequently, it saw its major developments during those times in history. This talk will examine and explain common hand encryption methods still employed today using the example of one very successful Soviet espionage group operating in Japan in the 1930s and 1940s: the spy ring centered around Richard Sorge, codenamed "Ramsay".
In the summer of 1938, the Japanese Secret Police started to notice mysterious radio transmissions emanating from somewhere in the Tokyo area. These transmissions, consisting of seemingly meaningless groups of digits, seemed to be directed towards the Asian mainland; neither the Secret Police nor the Japanese Communications Ministry and the Communications Bureau of the Governor General of Korea were able to pinpoint the where and from more precisely.

It wasn't until 1941 that Japanese authorities uncovered the full scope and meaning of these messages -- by accident and at first disbelieving what they had unearthed. The seemingly gibberish radio transmissions did indeed emanate from the heart of Tokyo and, as it turned out, were received in Vladivostok and passed on to Moscow, to be presented to Stalin himself. Decrypted, they contained vital information about secret German and Japanese plans, even the date of the German invasion of the Soviet Union.

This information had been gathered by Richard Sorge, a German citizen with a colorful personality who had infiltrated the small German community in Japan under the guise of a journalist and even gained the friendship and trust of the German ambassador, giving him access to any information available inside the embassy of Japan's ally.

In Japan since 1933, Sorge had built a spy ring around a small group of confidantes: a Japanese journalist with connections to powerful Japanese political circles, a French-Yugoslav communist, and a German radio technician, Max Clausen. Clausen's technical knowledge proved vital for the group's success: he was able to build a transmitter and receiver capable of reaching up to 4,000 km from scratch, using parts available in Tokyo shops without raising suspicion. His radio station was fully portable in a large briefcase and assembled in under 10 minutes.

The dispatches transmitted to the Soviet Union by Sorge's group were written in English and then converted into digits using a straddling checkerboard and, to scramble the content even more, a book cipher, using pages from a statistical yearbook as the key. The Japanese authorities were not able to decipher the messages, Sorge's encryption method remained unbroken until Max Clausen explained it himself after his arrest in 1941. The historical importance of Sorge's espionage material remains a controversial issue among historians; some call him the greatest spy of all times, some argue that since Stalin did not trust his information, Sorge had little influence on the outcome of World War II.

Instead of trying to settle this argument, my talk will examine the technical aspects of Sorge's work in Japan: I will describe the DIY radio station used to wirelessly transmit his dispatches over thousands of kilometers and show how these dispatches were manually encrypted using nothing but a pen, paper, and a book -- suggesting that this method is still valid today, offering low-tech ways of concealing information, be it private or politically delicate material.
Speaker: Anja Drephal
EventID: 5474
Event: 30th Chaos Communication Congress [30c3] by the Chaos Computer Club [CCC]
Location: Congress Centrum Hamburg (CCH); Am Dammtor; Marseiller Straße; 20355 Hamburg; Germany
Language: english
Begin: Fri, 12/27/2013 21:45:00 +01:00
Lizenz: CC-by

LEXAR 16GB - 30c3s

Against Metadata [30c3]

Twisting time and space to explore the unknown
Robert M Ochshorn
Using case studies of documentary film, Freedom of Information Law document dumps, soundbanks, and a hacker conference, I will demonstrate experiments and results of several years developing open source tools to reorient the idea of documentary around its documents. This is in opposition to a tendancy towards textual and machine-readable metadata, which unduly constrain our wonder, perception, and ability to navigate ambiguous and unknown material.
Snapping a photo captures more than just image data. Information about the camera and its lens, shutter speed and aperture, date and time, &c, have been bundled into the JPEG since the early days of digital photography. By now, that photo is likely to include a GPS trace as well, and as soon as it leaves your camera, computers are hard at work assisting you in identifying and tagging people and places, with auto-completing textual clarity and database precision. Meanwhile NSA spooks try to reassure us that they are only interested in the metadata of our communications--the who and the when, and maybe some keywords. Without denying a power and efficacy to machine-readable metadata, I argue that for humans to navigate and find meaning in unknown and unsorted material, this search will require multi-media tools that immerse us and augment our powers of perception, rather than reduce all navigation to textfields, transcripts, and tags. For temporal media (sound and video), codecs have given us greater and greater instantaneous fidelity, but leave us with few techniques to skim, seek, and survey. Using case studies of documentary film, Freedom of Information Law document dumps, soundbanks, and a hacker conference, I will demonstrate experiments and results of several years developing open source tools to reorient the idea of documentary around its documents.
Speaker: Robert M Ochshorn
EventID: 5453
Event: 30th Chaos Communication Congress [30c3] by the Chaos Computer Club [CCC]
Location: Congress Centrum Hamburg (CCH); Am Dammtor; Marseiller Straße; 20355 Hamburg; Germany
Language: english
Begin: Sat, 12/28/2013 16:00:00 +01:00
Lizenz: CC-by

LEXAR 16GB - 30c3s

Amtliche Datenschützer: Kontrolleure oder Papiertiger? [30c3]
Peter Schaar
In dem Vortrag beschäftigt sich der Ex-Bundesdatenschützer mit der Rolle der Datenschutzbeauftragten: Welche Durchsetzungsmöglichkeiten haben sie? Wie ist ihr Verhältnis zur Zivilgesellschaft? Welchen Einfluss können sie auf europäischer und internationaler Ebene ausüben?
Redner: Peter Schaar (Bundesdatenschutzbeauftragter a.D.)
EventID: 5623
Event: 30. Chaos Communication Congress [30c3] des Chaos Computer Club [CCC]
Ort: Congress Centrum Hamburg (CCH); Am Dammtor; Marseiller Straße; 20355 Hamburg; Deutschland
Sprache: deutsch
Beginn: Mo. 30.12.2013 16:00:00 +01:00
Lizenz: CC-by

LEXAR 16GB - 30c3s

Beyond the Tech: Building Internet Freedom Tools for Real People [30c3]

Michael Brennan

Few hackers will disagree that users are not given enough consideration when building Internet Freedom Tools designed to circumvent censorship and surveillance. But how do we do it? This talk will outline a framework for a user-focused approach to the Development and Impact of Internet Freedom Tools through using ethnography, human-centered design, and the practice of research-based product definition. This talk is intended for developers, researchers, and journalists who seek to understand how better tools can be developed to protect anonymity and provide unfettered access to the Internet.
Internet Freedom Tools (IFTs) are developed to solve the technical challenges of anonymity, privacy, security and information access. Focus on these technical challenges rather than the user of an IFT can lead to overlooking the motivations, needs and usability issues faced by user communities. Further, IFTs may solve a technical challenge for users, and yet fall short when it comes to user experience. There is a disconnect that must be remedied for IFTs and the people who use them to realize their full potential. This talk seeks to provide new insights to developers and users in need of knowledge on how they can better address relevant problems, create appropriate solutions and help users with IFTs. This talk will explain to the audience what tools are available for user-focused design. It will also walk through a framework to guide the development of IFTs that is grounded in ethnographic methods and human-centered design, and how this framework is being used to conduct an IFT user community. This work is currently being conducted by SecondMuse and Radio Free Asia through the Open Technology Fund (www.opentechfund.org). ADDENDUM: But, what is "Ethnography"? What are "User Communities"? Ethnography is defined as the study of culture and human motivation through qualitative research. Ethnographic practices complement usability studies by tapping into needs and motivations of people and users to give the "why" behind certain actions observed solely through conducting usability research. This method includes interviews, observing specific behaviors and understanding the material culture and surrounds of a target group. A community is defined as a group of users that can be defined by geography, culture, shared experiences, or shared challenges. User is defined as someone who is currently utilizing a particular IFTs such as Tor, RedPhone, CryptoCat, and/or other privacy, security, anonymity and access enhancing technologies and methodologies created by developers or users themselves. A user may also be defined as a potential user of such technologies and tools.
Speaker: Michael Brennan
EventID: 5550
Event: 30th Chaos Communication Congress [30c3] by the Chaos Computer Club [CCC]
Location: Congress Centrum Hamburg (CCH); Am Dammtor; Marseiller Straße; 20355 Hamburg; Germany
Language: english
Begin: Mon, 12/30/2013 11:30:00 +01:00
Lizenz: CC-by

LEXAR 16GB - 30c3s

Basics of Digital Wireless Communication [30c3]

Introduction to software radio principles
Clemens Hopfer
The aim of this talk is to give an understandable insight into wireless communication, using existing systems as examples on why there are different communication systems for different uses.
Although wireless communication systems, like Wifi, GSM, UMTS, Bluetooth or DECT, are always surrounding us, radio transmission is often seen as "Black Magic". Digital wireless communication systems differ significantly from analog system designs, although actuall transmission is still analog. Digital modulations, coding, filtering etc. enable highly scalable and adaptive wireless systems, making it possible to design quad-band LTE/UMTS/CDMA/GSM radios on a single chip. The talk briefly describes system concepts, modulation and coding basics, along with the challenges of mobile communication systems. This will include the following topics:

• System concepts
• Digital Modulations
• Shannon-Hartley theorem
• Channel coding principles
• Channel Access
• High Frequency basics
• Radio Propagation

Speaker: Clemens Hopfer
EventID: 5527
Event: 30th Chaos Communication Congress [30c3] by the Chaos Computer Club [CCC]
Location: Congress Centrum Hamburg (CCH); Am Dammtor; Marseiller Straße; 20355 Hamburg; Germany
Language: english
Begin: Fri, 12/27/2013 17:15:00 +01:00
Lizenz: CC-by

LEXAR 16GB - 30c3s

Chelsea Manning

07KINGSTON JAMAICA: Malaria Update Dispatches from Fort Meade [30c3]
Reporting on the secret trial of Chelsea Manning
Alexa O'Brien
At Fort George "Orwell" Meade, home of the NSA and the US Defense Information School, managing the message of Chelsea Manning's trial was facilitated by a lack of public access to most of the court filings and rulings until 18 months into her legal proceeding.
While Manning disclosed approximately 750,000 documents to WikiLeaks, only 226 documents of those documents were charged against her under the Espionage and Computer Fraud and Abuse Acts. Only now, three months after being convicted to thirty-five years in prison on twenty counts (including seven containing the Espionage Act language), do we know the identity of most of those 226 charged documents. Do you want to know what put Manning away for 35 years? The truth is stranger than fiction.
Speaker: Alexa O'Brien
EventID: 5634
Event: 30th Chaos Communication Congress [30c3] by the Chaos Computer Club [CCC]
Location: Congress Centrum Hamburg (CCH); Am Dammtor; Marseiller Straße; 20355 Hamburg; Germany
Language: english
Begin: Fri, 12/27/2013 16:00:00 +01:00
Lizenz: CC-by

LEXAR 16GB - 30c3s

CounterStrike - Lawful Interception [30c3]

FX

Lawful Interception is a monitoring access for law enforcement agencies, but also one of the primary data sources of many surveillance programs. (Almost?) every Internet service provider needs to provide LI functionality in its routers. However, LI exposes a larger attack surface to the one being surveilled than any router should. Could this be a mistake?
This short talk will cover the standards, devices and implementation of a mandatory part of our western Internet infrastructure. The central question is whether an overarching interception functionality might actually put national Internet infrastructure at a higher risk of being attacked successfully. The question is approached in this talk from a purely technical point of view, looking at how LI functionality is implemented by a major vendor and what issues arise from that implementation. Routers and other devices may get hurt in the process.
Speaker: FX
EventID: 5304
Event: 30th Chaos Communication Congress [30c3] by the Chaos Computer Club [CCC]
Location: Congress Centrum Hamburg (CCH); Am Dammtor; Marseiller Straße; 20355 Hamburg; Germany
Language: english
Begin: Sun, 12/29/2013 23:15:00 +01:00
Lizenz: CC-by

LEXAR 16GB - 30c3s

DLF-Diskussion "Braucht die Informatik Hacker?" [30C3]

Diskussion mit Peter Schaar, ehem. Datenschutzbeauftragter der Bundesregierung, Tim Pritlove (@timpritlove), Podcaster und CCC-Mitglied, Professor Dr. Oliver Günther, Präsident der Uni Potsdam & Präsident der Gesellschaft für Informatik
Moderation: Peter Welchering

LEXAR 16GB - 30c3s

DLF-Diskussion "Big Data & Dual Use" [30C3]

Diskussion mit Karl-Heinz Land, Neuland, Professor Rolf Schwartmann, Uni Köln und Jan Gierlig, Sprecher CCC, Moderation: Peter Welchering
Weitere Interviews, Sendungen, Informationen Podcasts und Videos zum 30c3 finden Sie unter:

• http://www.deutschlandfunk.de/hackert...
• http://www.soundcloud.com/dlf-wissens...

LEXAR 16GB - 30c3s

Drohnenkriege - Kriegführung der Zukunft? [30C3]

Norbert Schepers

Die Drohnenkriege sind Ausdruck einer rasanten Entwicklung: vom "Krieg gegen den Terror" nach 9/11 zur Kriegsführung der Zukunft. Einer Zukunft, die gelegentlich der Science Fiction der späten Achtziger zu entstammen scheint, in der Roboter die schmutzigen Kriege der Menschen kämpfen und sich schließlich gegen ihre Schöpfer erheben. Letzteres liegt noch längst nicht im Bereich des Möglichen, aber Wege zur Erschaffung autonomer Kampfroboter werden bereits beschritten. Der Vortrag will das Phänomen des Drohnenkrieges politisch einordnen und einen Ausblick versuchen.
Das Original dieses Videos stammt vom CCC-TV, der Mediathek des Chaos Computer Clubs (CCC), siehe http://media.ccc.de/browse/congress/2...
Ankündigung zur Veranstaltung im Konferenz-Wiki, siehe https://events.ccc.de/congress/2013/F...
Dort stehen auch die Slides zum Vortrag als PDF bereit (gegenüber dem Vortrag um die Bildquellen ergänzt), siehe https://events.ccc.de/congress/2013/F...
Norbert Schepers, Kontakt etc. siehe http://norbert.schepers.info

LEXAR 16GB - 30c3s

Drones [30c3]

Piotr Esden-Tempski
Autonomous flying vehicles, where are we and where are we going?

During the last 10 years the technology that was formerly only available to the military, reached the hands of thousands. Researchers, hackers, enthusiasts and hobbyists helped drive the technology further and higher than anyone had imagined just a few years ago. We will recap what the civilian airborne robot community has achieved in the last decade and what the next frontiers are that need to be addressed.

Over the last decade, projects and companies like Paparazzi, Microdrone, AscTec, Mikrokopter, UAVP-NG and others have made small unmanned vehicles (aka. drones) what they are today. Through innovation and hard work, autonomous drones are now affordable and accessible enough that most of us can build one at home. While the companies inspired, the Open-Source projects advanced and shared these multidisciplinary technologies with many engineers and hackers thereby building a collaborative community of innovators from the ground up.

Though many challenges have been overcome, we are only at the very beginning of the private UAV revolution. Consider a comparison with the personal computer, which has evolved in ways that could not be foreseen in the beginning. Those working on this platform need space and time to discover the beneficial possibilities. There are many challenges that we are still facing and they are as exciting and basic as the technology itself.

Let me take you through a brief history of the developments and advances in Open-Source UAV and try to envision what is still in front of us.

LEXAR 16GB - 30c3s

Ecuador and hope for global privacy [30C3]

Jacob Appelbaum

At the conclusion of the Tor presentation at 30C3 in Hamburg, Dec. 27 2013, Jake Appelbaum talks about what gives him hope for the future of global privacy: the power of an organized and militant civil society, fighting for their rights. He uses Ecuador, the FLOK Society project and the people involved with the Minga Tec as a positive example of that.

Links to organizations involved in that effort in Ecuador:
http://floksociety.org/
http://www.usuariosdigitales.org/
http://www.asle.ec/
http://www.apc.org/

LEXAR 16GB - 30c3s

Electronic Bank Robberies [30c3]

Stealing Money from ATMs with Malware
This talk will discuss a case in which criminals compromised and robbed an ATM by infecting it with specially crafted malware. The successful compromise of an ATM can easily result in the loss of several hundred thousand dollars.
Most automated teller machines (ATMs) run regular Windows systems and can be controlled like any other computer. The first public demonstration of an ATM hack was given in 2010 - but how bad is this threat really? It turns out there is a multi-million dollar business behind ATM hacks. This talk reveals how these criminal gangs operate by disclosing information obtained through forensic analysis of a real compromise. In the analyzed case some malware was used to control the hacked machine that was written specifically for the targeted ATM brand. By reverse-engineering this malware, we gained unique insights into the technologies used by the intruders. The malicious features range from balance monitoring over cash-out commands to the wiping of the machine to cover up traces of the attack. They can be accessed through special number codes that are entered directly via the machine's number pad. Hooking techniques and overlay windows are used to display the status of the system on the ATM monitor. We will further discuss that operations of this scale can only be performed by professional crime groups that not only have the technical capabilities to develop such special malware, but also have access to insider information about the design of ATMs and who know how the targeted banks operate.
Speaker: tw sb
EventID: 5476
Event: 30th Chaos Communication Congress [30c3] by the Chaos Computer Club [CCC]
Location: Congress Centrum Hamburg (CCH); Am Dammtor; Marseiller Straße; 20355 Hamburg; Germany
Language: english
Begin: Fri, 12/27/2013 16:00:00 +01:00
Lizenz: CC-by

LEXAR 16GB - 30c3s

Europe, the USA and Identity Ecosystems [30c3]

Christoph Engemann

Talk introducing NSTIC and COM 238, i.e. the current digital identity policy proposals in the USA and European discussing their similarities, differences and possible conflicts.
In the past two years both the US Government as well as the European Commission have declared their intend to create "Identity Ecosystems" and are actively pursuing the creation of regulatory and technical frameworks for digital authentication of their citizens. Both the USA and the European Union expect the implementation of state-recognized digital identities in the coming three to five years. The American initiative is called "National Strategy for Trusted Identities in Cyberspace (NSTIC), its European counterpart "electronic identification and trust services for electronic transactions in the internal market" (COM(2012) 238). Given the scope of these programs, the number of people affected and the fact that identity technologies necessarily have to negotiate conflicting values of individual liberty and social control, it is reasonable to expect that the developments around NSTIC and COM (2012) 238 will become dominant in the debate on the future of the Internet. In my talk I will introduce the basics of the White Houses NSTIC initiative and the European Unions COM(2012) 238, explaining the common traits as well as the conflicting aspects of the electronic identity programs of two of the worlds largest and most influential state entities. I will outline how both programs share the assumption that providing "secure" and "trusted" identities is essential for the future development of the Internet, is necessary to fully realize citizenship status on the Net as well as to foster further economic growth. I will also scrutinize the importance and function of the term "transaction" that is prominent in both NSTIC and COM (2012) 238. Subsequently I will show that NSTIC and COM (2012) 238 differ fundamentally in their view on the role of the state, of the private sector and of civil society in providing and controlling the standards, protocols and infrastructures of digital identities. Here I will outline how the NSTIC employs a neoliberal market rhetoric, declaring that "the Identity Ecosystem should be market- driven" while the European Union follows an etaistic vision of governmental identity provision. In this context I will show the importance of the different approaches between Europe and the USA concerning the relation of existing offline and online identity solutions. The goal of the talk is to raise awareness to the importance of these programs, to enable an understanding of the paradoxes of digital identity provision and its function in both enabling and sustaining statehood and capitalism. The talk will close with a statement locating the differences between the European and the United States approach in the larger conflict on the question of means and legitimacy of intervening and regulating capitalism. Duration 40 mins + 20 min discussion, presentation style will be slides and accompanying talk, discussion afterwards.
Speaker: Christoph Engemann
EventID: 5483
Event: 30th Chaos Communication Congress [30c3] by the Chaos Computer Club [CCC]
Location: Congress Centrum Hamburg (CCH); Am Dammtor; Marseiller Straße; 20355 Hamburg; Germany
Language: english
Begin: Sun, 12/29/2013 11:30:00 +01:00
Lizenz: CC-by

LEXAR 16GB - 30c3s

Fnord News Show 2013 [30c3] mit Frank & Fefe

Der schonungslose Realitätsabgleich mit Birzarrometer-Rekalibrierung [The harsh reality check and recalibration of the bizarre-o-meter]
Im Format einer lockeren Abendshow werden wir die Highlights des Jahres präsentieren, die Meldungen zwischen den Meldungen, die subtilen Sensationen hinter den Schlagzeilen. Kommen Sie, hören Sie, sehen Sie! Lassen Sie sich mitreißen!
Redner: Frank Rieger, Felix von Leitner alias Fefe
EventID: 5490
Event: 30. Chaos Communication Congress [30c3] des Chaos Computer Club [CCC]
Ort: Congress Centrum Hamburg (CCH); Am Dammtor; Marseiller Straße; 20355 Hamburg; Deutschland
Sprache: deutsch
Beginn: Mo. 30.12.2013 00:00:00 +01:00
Lizenz: CC-by

LEXAR 16GB - 30c3s

Google Glass Hacks [30c3]

Stephen Balaban

Fun and frightening uses of always-on camera enabled wearable computers
A one hour technical lecture that covers everything from machine learning and AI to hardware design and manufacture. Includes demonstrations of applications enabled by an always-on image capturing wearable computer. You'll leave with a clear understanding of the field's status quo, how we got here, and insight into what's around the corner.
Always-on camera enabled wearable computers, like Google Glass and Lambda Hat, enable a variety of slightly creepy, but undeniably useful applications. For the past few months, I've worn a computing device that takes pictures every few seconds. I run facial detection over the image stream, pulling out every face I have seen. Soon, we'll be able to conduct mass facial recognition using this data. Other applications include detecting license plates and automatically uploading them to a public GPS tagged website. This talk will cover the history, state of the art, and future of wearable computing, machine learning, and the privacy implication of this technology.
Speaker: Stephen Balaban
EventID: 5537
Event: 30th Chaos Communication Congress [30c3] by the Chaos Computer Club [CCC]
Location: Congress Centrum Hamburg (CCH); Am Dammtor; Marseiller Straße; 20355 Hamburg; Germany
Language: english
Begin: Sat, 12/28/2013 12:45:00 +01:00
Lizenz: CC-by

LEXAR 16GB - 30c3s

Hacker Jeopardy 2013 [30c3]

Zahlenraten für Geeks [Number guessing for geeks]

Sec Ray
The Hacker Jeopardy is a quiz show.
The well known reversed quiz format, but of course hacker style. It once was entitled "number guessing for geeks" by a German publisher, which of course is an unfair simplification. It's also guessing of letters and special characters. ;) Three initial rounds will be played, the winners will compete with each other in the final. The event will be in german, we hope to have live translation again.
Speaker: Sec Ray
EventID: 5577
Event: 30th Chaos Communication Congress [30c3] by the Chaos Computer Club [CCC]
Location: Congress Centrum Hamburg (CCH); Am Dammtor; Marseiller Straße; 20355 Hamburg; Germany
Language: english
Begin: Sat, 12/28/2013 00:00:00 +01:00
Lizenz: CC-by

LEXAR 16GB - 30c3s

Hardware Attacks, Advanced ARM Exploitation, and Android Hacking [30c3]

Stephen A. Ridley

In this talk (which in part was delivered at Infiltrate 2013 and NoSuchCon 2013) we will discuss our recent research that is being rolled into our Practical ARM Exploitation course (sold out at Blackhat this year and last) on Linux and Android (for embedded applications and mobile devices). We will also demonstrate these techniques and discuss how we were able to discover them using several ARM hardware development platforms that we custom built. Where relevant we will also discuss ARM exploitation as it related to Android as we wrote about in the "Android Hackers Handbook" which we co-authored and will be released in October 2013.
Lastly, we will also discuss some of our most recent related hardware research (to facilitate the above) which will include bus protocol eavesdropping/reverse engineering, demystifying hardware debugging, and surreptitiously obtaining embedded software (firmware) using hardware techniques. We will demonstrate and show the supportive tools used and techniques developed to perform this work and deploy them against Apple MFI iAP devices, and multimedia devices using OEM implemented USB stacks. (Which will briefly include our experiences around starting http://int3.cc where we sell a fully assembled modified version of a hardware USB fuzzer.) Along the way we will inevitably share some of the lessons we also learned while completely designing the hardware (from scratch), writing the firmware, and mobile apps for an embedded security device called Osprey that we hold the patent for and have been publicly about publicly as a hardware vulnerability assessment swiss-army-knife for researchers.
Speaker: Stephen A. Ridley
EventID: 5193
Event: 30th Chaos Communication Congress [30c3] by the Chaos Computer Club [CCC]
Location: Congress Centrum Hamburg (CCH); Am Dammtor; Marseiller Straße; 20355 Hamburg; Germany
Language: english
Begin: Sat, 12/28/2013 17:15:00 +01:00
Lizenz: CC-by

LEXAR 16GB - 30c3s

Hillbilly Tracking of Low Earth Orbit [30c3]

Repurposing an Inmarsat Dish

Travis Goodspeed
Satellites in Low Earth Orbit have tons of nifty signals, but they move quickly though the sky and are difficult to track with fine accuracy. This lecture describes a remotely operable satellite tracking system that the author built from a Navy-surplus Inmarsat dish in Southern Appalachia.
The entire system is controlled through a Postgres database, fed by various daemons spread across multiple machines. So when I click on a satellite on my laptop or cellphone, it runs "UPDATE target SET name='Voyager 1';" and the motor daemon then begins to track the new target while the prediction daemon maintains accurate estimates of its position in the sky. Additional daemons take spectral prints or software-defined radio recordings of the targeted object for later review.
Speaker: Travis Goodspeed
EventID: 5463
Event: 30th Chaos Communication Congress [30c3] by the Chaos Computer Club [CCC]
Location: Congress Centrum Hamburg (CCH); Am Dammtor; Marseiller Straße; 20355 Hamburg; Germany
Language: english
Begin: Sat, 12/28/2013 14:00:00 +01:00
Lizenz: CC-by

LEXAR 16GB - 30c3s

Julian Assange - Sysadmins of the world, unite! [30c3]

a call to resistance

Julian Assange (wikileaks) Jacob Appelbaum (ioerror) Sarah Harrison

Finally, the world is aware of the threat of mass surveillance and control, but we still have a fight on our hands, and that fight is both technical and political. Global democracy is not going to protect itself. There has never been a higher demand for a politically-engaged hackerdom. Jacob Appelbaum and Julian Assange discuss what needs to be done if we are going to win. The first part of this talk will discuss the WHAT? and the WHY?: the historical challenge we face, and how we are called to resistance. We are living in a defining historical moment. In recent years, the network has created an unprecedented capacity for parallel communication and action. This has changed the world. For decades hackers have known of the growth of a surveillance state at the heart of Western democracies. Now, everyone knows, and we are left with a single question, how do we stop this? Hackers, sysadmins, developers and people of a technical persuasion are neither neutral parties nor spectators to this. We built the internet and we keep it running. We live there. We write the code. We manage the networks. Communications hegemony is impossible without the obedience of the people who build and run the system. Our network has become the nervous system of the world.
We must wake up to this. We must realize the power and responsibility we hold for the great structural problems of our time. This year, Edward Snowden showed that we are not powerless. We all face a moral choice whether to collude or to resist. We say, resist! Sysadmins of the world, unite! In the second half of this talk we will discuss the HOW?: the medium term and long term modes of action around which we must organize, if we are to see meaningful resistance against the global counterintelligence state, and meaningful progress towards emancipation.
Speaker: Julian Assange (wikileaks) Jacob Appelbaum (ioerror) Sarah Harrison
EventID: 5397
Event: 30th Chaos Communication Congress [30c3] by the Chaos Computer Club [CCC]
Location: Congress Centrum Hamburg (CCH); Am Dammtor; Marseiller Straße; 20355 Hamburg; Germany
Language: english
Begin: Sun, 12/29/2013 22:45:00 +01:00
Lizenz: CC-by

LEXAR 16GB - 30c3s

Making machines that make [30C3]

rapid prototyping of digital fabrication and instrumentation machines

Nadya Peek

For more information and to download the video visit: http://bit.ly/30C3_info
Playlist 30C3: http://bit.ly/30c3_pl
Making a new control system for a machine is often a slow and tedious task. Maybe you already have a 3 axis stage, and you already know how to move it around. But what if you want to add a camera and use it for position feedback? You'd have to redesign the whole hardware layer. I'll talk about some ways I've built modularity into control systems for machines so that you can quickly iterate on different kinds of machine systems without getting stuck in hardware land forever. This includes connecting synchronized nodes across a network and importing legacy nodes for things like, say, an old pressure box you found in the trash and has rs232 in. Down with gcode! Long live machine control.

My journey into FM-RDS [30c3]

Oona Räisänen

How I discovered mysterious hidden signals on a public radio channel and eventually found out their meaning through hardware hacking, reverse engineering and little cryptanalysis.

....
Speaker: Oona Räisänen
EventID: 5588
Event: 30th Chaos Communication Congress [30c3] by the Chaos Computer Club [CCC]
Location: Congress Centrum Hamburg (CCH); Am Dammtor; Marseiller Straße; 20355 Hamburg; Germany
Language: english
Begin: Sat, 12/28/2013 16:00:00 +01:00
Lizenz: CC-by

LEXAR 16GB - 30c3s

THE DATABASE NATION a.k.a THE STATE OF SURVEILLANCE [30c3]

houndbee

23rd of December 2008 was a sad day in India for civil liberties. On this day, The Indian Parliament passed the "The Information Technology (Amendment) Act" with no debate in the House, which effectively means is that the government of India now has the power to monitor all digital communications in the country without a court order or a warrant. The "world's largest democracy" strongly leaning towards becoming a surveillance state raises many questions and poses severe challenges for free speech and economic justice in India and globally. This talk will map and review the current political, socio-cultural and legal landscape of mass-surveillance, data protection and censorship in India and analyse how it ties in to the global landscape of surveillance and censorship. It will also aim to create a discussion space to investigate the deeper effects of these so called "welfare" projects and how citizen-led movements can drive the state towards stronger data protection and privacy laws.

....
Speaker: houndbee
EventID: 5421
Event: 30th Chaos Communication Congress [30c3] by the Chaos Computer Club [CCC]
Location: Congress Centrum Hamburg (CCH); Am Dammtor; Marseiller Straße; 20355 Hamburg; Germany
Language: english
Begin: Mon, 12/30/2013 14:00:00 +01:00
Lizenz: CC-by

LEXAR 16GB - 30c3s

The Four Wars - Terror, whistleblowers, drugs, internet [30c3]

Annie Machon

Based on her own experiences as an Intelligence Officer for MI5 (the UK domestic security service) and a whistleblower, Annie Machon will talk about the relationships between the wars on 'terror', drugs, whistleblowers, and the internet, and suggest some ideas about what we can do.
Drawing on her experiences as an MI5 intelligence officer-turned-whistleblower who had to go on the run around Europe, as well as her current work as a writer, commentator, and a Director of Law Enforcement Against Prohibition, Annie will be discussing the four current global wars: on terror, drugs, whistleblowers and the internet, and suggesting ways that we, as concerned citizens, can resist. After World War 2 the peoples of the world, collectively reeling from the violence and barbarity, drew up the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. This is a high water mark in civilisation. Since then, at least in the west, we have enjoyed an unprecedented degree of freedom and prosperity. In the subsequent decades further victories were won around equal rights on issues of race, gender, or sexuality. By the 1990s peace appeared to be breaking out around the world, the Cold War was over, and we all lived in an increasingly connected, globalised village. Or did we.... President Eisenhower coined the phrase "the military-industrial complex". He recognised that conflict was good for business, and this had implications for future security. He was prescient. After the racial war was won in the USA, they announced the "war on drugs" which has disproportionately hit ethnic communities in America; as the Soviet threat receded, so the Islamist threat came to prominence; and as the free flow of information spread over the internet, so the fight-back began with the copyright wars, surveillance, and the crackdown on whistleblowers and organisations such as Wikileaks. We are now facing the "military-security complex" and an unending, if nebulous, war on concepts. What can we do about it?
Speaker: Annie Machon
EventID: 5295
Event: 30th Chaos Communication Congress [30c3] by the Chaos Computer Club [CCC]
Location: Congress Centrum Hamburg (CCH); Am Dammtor; Marseiller Straße; 20355 Hamburg; Germany
Language: english
Begin: Sun, 12/29/2013 20:30:00 +01:00
Lizenz: CC-by

LEXAR 16GB - 30c3s

The Tor Network [30c3]

We are living in interesting times

(with Jacob Appelbaum)

Roger Dingledine and Jacob Appelbaum will discuss contemporary Tor Network issues related to censorship, security, privacy and anonymity online.
The last several years have included major cryptographic upgrades in the Tor network, interesting academic papers in attacking the Tor network, major high profile users breaking news about the network itself, discussions about funding, FBI/NSA exploitation of Tor Browser users, botnet related load on the Tor network and other important topics. This talk will clarify many important topics for the Tor community and for the world at large.
Speaker: Jacob arma
EventID: 5423
Event: 30th Chaos Communication Congress [30c3] by the Chaos Computer Club [CCC]
Location: Congress Centrum Hamburg (CCH); Am Dammtor; Marseiller Straße; 20355 Hamburg; Germany
Language: english
Begin: Fri, 12/27/2013 20:30:00 +01:00
Lizenz: CC-by

LEXAR 16GB - 30c3s

Seeing the Secret State - Six Landscapes [30c3]

Trevor Paglen

Although people around the world are becoming increasingly aware of the United States' global geography of surveillance, covert action, and other secret programs, much of this landscape is invisible in our everyday lives.
The drone war, for example, seems to happen "somewhere else" while surveillance programs take place among the (largely) invisible infrastructures and digital protocols of the internet and other communications networks. Moreover, the state agencies responsible for secret programs strive to make them as invisible as possible. In this talk, artist Trevor Paglen discusses his work attempting to "see" the various aspects of the secret state. In examples ranging from tracking spy satellites to foraging through the bureaucratic refuse of CIA front companies, Paglen will discuss methods used to identify and exploit structural contradictions in classified programs which render them visible, and comment on the aesthetics and politics of attempting to "see" secrecy.
Speaker: Trevor Paglen
EventID: 5604
Event: 30th Chaos Communication Congress [30c3] by the Chaos Computer Club [CCC]
Location: Congress Centrum Hamburg (CCH); Am Dammtor; Marseiller Straße; 20355 Hamburg; Germany
Language: english
Begin: Sat, 12/28/2013 23:00:00 +01:00
Lizenz: CC-by

LEXAR 16GB - 30c3s

Wie wehrt man sich gegen Ãœberwachung [30C3]

Tim Pritlove

CCC für Desinteressierte: Zu Besuch auf dem 30. Chaos Communication Congress #30c3 -

Alle Folgen vom 30c3 als Playlist http://bit.ly/1g0SNGC

Folge 102 mit Podcaster Tim Pritlove, der auf dem CCC die Eröffnungsrede gehalten hat. Worum es beim CCC geht, warum sich auch Nicht-Hacker dafür interessieren sollten und was der Chaos Computer Club überhaupt mit Politik zu tun hat, erklärt Tim.
http://die-sondersendung.de/blog/auth...
Abonniert den Youtube-Kanal. Ihr könnt auch Fan von "Jung & Naiv" auf Facebook werden https://www.facebook.com/jungundnaiv

LEXAR 16GB - 30c3s

Zwischen supersicherer Verschlüsselung und Klartext liegt nur ein falsches Bit [30C3]

Ein Streifzug durch die Fehler in der Kryptografie

qbi

"Lange Schlüssel sind sicherer als kurze."
"RSA und/oder AES sind einfach zu implementieren."
"Für Zufallszahlen reicht es, java.util.Random zu nehmen."
Solche oder ähnliche Aussagen hört man immer mal wieder. Doch was ist da dran? Welche Fehler werden bei der Benutzung und Implementierung von Kryptografie gern gemacht?
Kryptografie vermittelt oft den Eindruck, ein mathematisch abgesichertes Verfahren zu sein. Wenn man den Algorithmus wie im Standard implementiert, kann nichts passieren. In der Praxis zeigt sich, dass kryptografische Produkte leicht kaputt gehen. Wenn das passiert, sind die Schäden extrem. Dabei reichen schon einzelne Bits, die falsch gesetzt sind, oder Spezifika der Architektur. Der Vortrag zeigt einige Fehler bei der Benutzung oder Implementierung von Krypto. Die Beispiele rangieren von einfachen oft gemachten Fehlern bis hin zu exotischen. Es soll euch die Augen öffnen, nicht blind einer Implementierung zu vertrauen. Wie immer gilt: "Use the source, luke." :-)
Redner: qbi
EventID: 5502
Event: 30. Chaos Communication Congress [30c3] des Chaos Computer Club [CCC]
Ort: Congress Centrum Hamburg (CCH); Am Dammtor; Marseiller Straße; 20355 Hamburg; Deutschland
Sprache: deutsch
Beginn: So. 29.12.2013 23:00:00 +01:00
Lizenz: CC-by

LEXAR 8GB - 29C3

Trojaner-Blindflug: Spionage-Software von Staats wegen [29c3]

Ulf Bühlmeier, Constanze Kurz

"Wir wissen seit ein paar Jahren, dass der Staat technisch in der Lage ist, die Computer einiger seiner Bürger zu infiltrieren. Aber soll er das auch dürfen? Was hat sich in den letzten Monaten beim Staatstrojaner getan?
Seit der Veröffentlichung der Untersuchungen des CCC zum Staatstrojaner hat sich erneut eine Diskussion um den Einsatz der Spionagesoftware entspannt. Die Quellen-Telekommunikationsüberwachung (Quellen-TKÜ) und die Online-Durchsuchung sind im letzten Jahr Gegenstand von Untersuchungsberichten und parlamentarischen Anfragen gewesen. Deren Ergebnisse wollen wir im Vortrag betrachten. Und wir sparen nicht an Ratschlägen für den zukünftigen Gesetzgeber."

Redner: Constanze Kurz, Ulf Buermeyer
EventID: 5380
Event: 29. Chaos Communication Congress [29c3] des Chaos Computer Club [CCC]
Ort: Congress Centrum Hamburg (CCH); Am Dammtor; Marseiller Straße; 20355 Hamburg; Deutschland
Sprache: deutsch
Beginn: Sat, 29.12.2012 14:00:00 +01:00
Lizenz: CC-by-nc-sa

INTENSO#1 - re:publica 2014

24. netzpolitischer Abend des Digitale Gesellschaft e.V.

Leonhard Dobusch, Kirsten Fiedler, Thomas Lohninger, Volker Tripp, Alexander Sander

KURZTHESE:
Vor drei Jahren wurde auf der re:publica'11 die Digitale Gesellschaft als Verein für digitale Grundrechte gestartet. Seitdem ist viel passiert.

BESCHREIBUNG:
Am ersten Dienstag im Monat lädt Digitale Gesellschaft immer zum netzpolitischen Abend in Berlin ein, um über aktuelle Kampagnen und Debatten zu diskutieren. Im Mai findet dieser auf der #rp14 statt. DIGIGES-Mitglieder geben einen kurzen Überblick zu aktuellen Initiativen, laufenden Kampagnen und Debatten wie Netzneutralität, Exportkontrollen für Überwachungs- und Zensursoftware, Vorratsdatenspeicherung sowie der Kampf gegen unkontrollierbare Handelsabkommen wie ACTA/CETA/TTIP.

Außerdem feiern wir den 1. Geburtstag unserer Initiative Recht auf Remix mit der Eröffnung eines online Remix.Museums, das die Kulturtechnik Remix auch denjenigen näher bringen soll, die sich über das Netz vor allem im Feuilleton informieren.

INTENSO#1 - re:publica 2014

Sprachpolizeiliche Ermittlungen

Anatol Stefanowitsch,

KURZTHESE:
Wo, wie im Internet, Gruppen mit unterschiedlichen Wertvorstellungen aufeinander prallen, wird nicht nur um Inhalte, sondern auch um Sprachregelungen gekämpft. Diese Kämpfe werden schnell zu Grabenkriegen, weil alle Beteiligten einer Reihe von Fehlschlüssen über die Funktionsweise von Sprache unterliegen.

BESCHREIBUNG:
Im Internet prallen Gruppen mit unterschiedlichen Wertvorstellungen aufeinander, die sich offline nie begegnen würden. Diese Wertvorstellungen beinhalten auch Auffassungen über einen sprachlichen Umgang mit der Welt und miteinander, die (unabhängig von inhaltlichen Differenzen) ein hohes Konfliktpotenzial haben. Wo die einen ein Wort als diskriminierend empfinden, beharren andere darauf, dass es eine völlig neutrale Bezeichnung sei. Wo die einen ein Wort in seiner herkömmlichen Bedeutung verwenden, stellen andere diese Bedeutung als nicht mehr zeitgemäß infrage. Wo die einen sich um alternative Ausdrucksweisen bemühen, sehen andere Denkverbote und Sprachwahnsinn. Die metasprachlichen Grabenkämpfe, die sich an diesen Konflikten entzünden, bleiben oft selbst dort frustrierend und fruchtlos, wo auf beiden Seiten ein Wille zur Verständigung besteht. Das liegt daran, dass beide Seiten einer Reihe von (teilweise gemeinsamen) Fehlschlüssen über die Funktionsweise von Sprache unterliegen, die jeden Fortschritt in der Diskussion blockieren. In meinem Vortrag werde ich die schwerwiegendsten dieser Fehlschlüsse aufdecken und eine Grundlage für einen progressiven Umgang mit sprachlichen Entwicklungen und Fehlentwicklungen legen.

INTENSO#1 - re:publica 2014

Das Digitale Quartett analog und live on stage

Ulrike Langer, Richard Gutjahr, Thomas Knüwer, Daniel Fiene,

KURZTHESE:
Das Internet kann mehr als langweilige Talkrunden für ein Massenpublikum. Oder wie Zeit Online schreibt: "Seit einiger Zeit wächst im Internet eine Form der Graswurzel-Talkkultur heran, die weder illustre Gäste benötigt, noch fernsehtaugliche Themen bedienen muss." Seit September 2012 beweist das Digitale Quartett mit relevanten Gästen und spannenden Themen für ein interessiertes Nischenpublikum, dass diese These stimmt.

BESCHREIBUNG:
Was eint Gunter Dueck und Dorothee Bär? Marcel Jansen und Nicole Simon? Jeff Jarvis und Julia Probst? Sie alle waren schon zu Gast im Digitalen Quartett. Die wöchentliche Talkrunde ist nach mehr 50 Folgen mittlerweile zu einer eine Instanz im Netz geworden. Im Digitalen Quartett geht es nicht nur um Netzpolitik und Nerdkram, sondern um alle Bereiche der Gesellschaft, die von der Digitalisierung erfasst werden. Die CSU macht Wahlkampf im Netz, digitale Nomaden leben und arbeiten im Netz, über das Netz werden Autos, Wohnungen oder Werkzeuge getauscht und gemeinsam genutzt, Bücher werden kollaborativ im Netz geschrieben, der "Tatort" macht mehr Spaß mit Twitter, Netzkampagnen finanzieren Hilfsprojekte und Gadgets, Heizungsthermostaten und Autoradios übermitteln Daten an Google und die NSA überwacht nicht nur Merkels Handy, sondern sogar "Angry Birds" Spieler. Kurzum: Neuland ist immer und überall und betrifft jeden. Und darüber wird geredet, montags um 21 Uhr per Hangout on Air.
Das Digitale Quartett - das sind Franziska Bluhm, Daniel Fiene, Richard Gutjahr, Thomas Knüwer und Ulrike Langer. Wir diskutieren nicht nur mit geladenen Gästen, sondern auch mit unseren Zuschauern, die sich jeweils live per Twitter unter dem Hashtag #Quartett in die Diskussion einschalten können. Und ab zu verlassen wir sogar das Netz und gehen auf die Bühne. Nach dem erfolgreichen Einstand bei der #rp13 wollen wir auch in diesem Jahr live von der #rp14 ins Netz senden. Seid gespannt auf Überraschungsgäste, analoge und digitale Tweets und aktuelle Themen.

INTENSO#1 - re:publica 2014

Data in international development: how even the best of intentions can pave the road to surveillance

Zara Rahman, Becky Kazansky

KURZTHESE:
The use of technology in development and humanitarian work is seen as the solution to many of the world's most pressing issues around poverty reduction, allowing international organisations to deliver services efficiently where they are most needed. But increasingly, development projects in the "Information Communication Technology for Development (ICT4D) space may involve the indiscriminate collection of data, which can have all sorts of unintended consequences.

BESCHREIBUNG:
Data is used in international development for all sorts of purposes; to ensure better delivery of aid, to promote transparency and accountability, to ensure that funds are distributed and used in the most effective way possible, with the ultimate aim of alleviating poverty around the world. It's undeniable that the use of this technology has had significant successes; but with data driving development more than ever, to what extent are the privacy rights of vulnerable communities being respected, or even considered?
We'll look at why data is being collected and the current state of privacy rights within development projects, including case studies from Jordan, looking at recent social media activities in Cuba, as well as from the crisis mapping community. We'll consider various actors within the development and humanitarian space; those who are acting with the best interests of their target communities in mind, and those who are prioritising their own interests above those of the communities they are involving.
Ultimately - what are the ways in which data can be used responsibly in the development sphere? Bringing together recommendations and discourse from the open development + privacy community, we'll consider how the two communities can work together to ensure protection of the human rights of the world's most vulnerable communities.

INTENSO#1 - re:publica 2014

Heroes - A Brief History of Whistleblowing.

Elmar Geesen

KURZTHESE:
This lecture will entertain and tell you about whistleblowing people and events we should not forget. The truth needs heroes to be a driver of change. Regarding media coverage, we seem to know everything about whistleblowing. But in fact we don't, the more we leave the well-known paths, we explore a wolrd of thousands of whistleblowers, most of them unknown.

BESCHREIBUNG:
Whistleblowing is an ethical important activity. Together we will make a speedy tour through the last decades, explore known or forgotten events, uncover myths, look into the past and the future of net driven transparency. What we need is rememberance being persistent, to avoid that our heroes getting "heroes just for one day", lost in our daily media and information overload buzz. What can we do to achieve this? This talk is an attempt and starting point to create a place of commemoration, to help and motivate current & future whistleblowers.

I, I can remember
Standing, by the wall
And the guns shot above our heads
And we kissed, as though nothing could fall
And the shame was on the other side
Oh, we can beat them, for ever and ever
Then we could be Heroes. Just for one day?

INTENSO#1 - re:publica 2014

European Parliament: The Zombie Apocalypse

Kirsten Fiedler, McNamee Joe

KURZTHESE:
Over the past five years, the EU faced many challenges concerning digital policy. We successfully stopped ACTA, the CleanIT project, we fought against web blocking and filtering, we advocated for data protection and privacy. Now we must make sure that the proposals which were defeated do not return in a zombie apocalypse.

BESCHREIBUNG:
In Europe and elsewhere, citizens' fundamental are frequently being undermined by governments and corporations: through the disproportionate storage of data by governments and corporations, through access to websites or applications being blocked and through restrictions that are increasingly being implemented on an ad hoc basis by private actors, undermining due process and the rule of law. NGOs and activists had to react to a great number of EU proposals that threatened our rights and freedoms.
This talk will give an overview of what we have been fighting for over the past five years and look at how the upcoming elections can be used as a unique opportunity for action instead of reaction. In order to prevent the zombie apocalypse and the return of bad proposals, EDRi, a network of 36 civil rights organisations, has launched We Promise.
After the next elections, parliamentarians will be confronted with new proposals

• on copyright,
• on civil enforcement of IP rights,
• on criminal enforcement of IP rights,
• on data retention,
• "trade secrets"...

and those are only the ones we know about already! This year's European election is a crucial moment to ensure that digital rights are pushed to the forefront of the political agenda.

INTENSO#1 - re:publica 2014

"Überwachung macht impotent!" - Neue Narrative gegen Überwachung

Friedemann Karig

KURZTHESE:
Was könnte die große wirkmächtige Geschichte sein, die wir gegen Überwachung erzählen müssen, damit die Menschen sich endlich wehren?

BESCHREIBUNG:
Überwachung ist böse, das wissen wir alle, und doch existiert sie: Massenhaft, global, übermächtig. Leider scheinen das die meisten Menschen in diesem Land anders zu sehen - oder ihr Haustier ist ihnen wichtiger. Eine Mehrheit wählt die Parteien, die Überwachung forcieren. Sie dulden und ertragen, was sie nicht verstehen und nicht spüren. Denn sie glauben die Geschichten von Terroristen, die man fangen muss. Sie glauben, dass wer nichts zu verbergen, auch nichts zu befürchten hat.
Es braucht also neue Narrative, gestützt von kraftvollen taktischen Argumenten, um zu überzeugen und zu mobilisieren. Denn sind nur genug Menschen dagegen, reagiert sogar die Politik. Veränderung ist eine Espressokanne: Der Druck muss hoch genug sein. Sonst kommt nichts raus.
Was kann man also aus der Geschichte, aus psychologischer und soziologischer Forschung gegen Überwachung ins Feld führen? Was ist empirisch belegt? Macht Überwachung krank, dumm, impotent? Zerstört sie Gesellschaften, schädigt sie das Rückenmark? Welche narrativen Hebel haben frühere Aktivisten genutzt, um die öffentliche Meinung zu beeinflussen?
Was könnte die große wirkmächtige Geschichte sein, die wir gegen Überwachung erzählen müssen, damit die Menschen sich endlich wehren?
Die Session soll Handreichung für Überwachungsgegner sein, für Aktivisten, Journalisten und Bürger, denen auf "ich habe nichts zu verbergen" und "was schadet es schon?" simple, aber effektive Entgegnungen fehlen. Inklusive einer kleinen Kulturgeschichte des Phänomens Überwachung, ein paar saftigen Horrorstorys von Überwachungsdystopien, den plakativsten Studien, den schlimmsten Negativbeispielen, den noch schlimmeren Zukunftsabschätzungen. Um eine offene Diskussion zu erreichen, welches taktische Argument gegen Überwachung am wirksamsten ist. Welche Geschichte wirkt.
(Die Diskussion läuft schon, siehe bspw. meinen Text und Kommentare "Neue Narrative")
Und nicht zuletzt ist der Vortrag auch sarkastisches Unterhaltungsformat: Mit den besten Überwachungs-Memes, Videoschnipseln, Zitaten und Gags. Denn zusammen über die Bedrohung lachen ist ein erster ziviler Ungehorsam. Aufklärung ist zuerst Aufheiterung. Oder mit Billy Wilder: "If you tell the truth, make them laugh. Or they will kill you."

INTENSO#1 - re:publica 2014

"From ACTA to TTIP - Global trade agreements

Jamie Love

KURZTHESE:
This talk will be about the trade agreements from ACTA to TTIP - but with the wider scope: why are there all these bilateral trade agreements being negotiated now? And what effect do/will they have on access to knowledge.

INTENSO#1 - re:publica 2014

Let's talk about sex baby, let's talk about PGP

Jillian York, Jacob Appelbaum

KURZTHESE:
Using evidence from a stack of historical movements, including safer sex and harm reduction, this talk will address how advocates of liberty and privacy can ensure that their work touches the mainstream.

BESCHREIBUNG:
"I have nothing to hide." "Crypto is hard." These common refrains, as a response to the security and advocacy communities' promotion of anti-surveillance measures, must be acknowledged. The purpose of this session is to address how, as advocates for liberty and privacy - and for the use of encryption as a means to those twin goals - we can learn from successful social movements of our past to bring our efforts to the mainstream. By taking lessons from the safer sex movement, labor movements, harm reduction advocacy and more, we will demonstrate how advocates can bring complex concepts to the general public.

INTENSO#1 - re:publica 2014

Dezentrale Social Networks. Warum sie scheitern und wie es gehen könnte

Michael Seemann

KURZTHESE:
Der Traum von erfolgreichen, dezentralen Social Networks wurde bisher regelmäßig enttäuscht. Ein Blick auf die ökonomische Eigendynamik von Vernetzungsprozessen und die sie beherbergenden Plattformen, zeigt auf warum das so ist. Die Antworten bergen aber ebenfalls einen möglichen Ausweg.

BESCHREIBUNG:
Schon lange - aber vor allem seit den Snowden-Enthüllungen - ist der Ruf nach Dezentralisierung überall zu vernehmen: Wir brauchen dezentrale Infrastruktur und wir dürfen das Netz nicht den wenigen Konzernen überlassen. So richtig diese Forderung auch ist, scheitern die konkreten Projekte mit einer vorhersehbaren Regelmäßigkeit. Dieses Scheitern hat Gründe, die tief in den ökonomischen Gesetzmäßigkeiten von Plattformen und der Eigendynamik von digitaler Vernetzung liegen.
Im Zuge meiner Arbeit an theoretischen Konzepten wie der Ökonomie von Plattformen und der Queryologie (der Lehre von Query), glaube ich, die Hauptgründe des Scheiterns so vieler Projekte wie Diaspora, FreedomBox und status.net verstanden zu haben. Anhand von Google, WhatsApp und anderen Beispielen möchte ich zeigen, wie digitale Vernetzung oft von dezentralen Datenstrukturen aus startet, aber am Ende der Entwicklung doch wieder in zentralistischen Silos landet.
Ich glaube aber auch einen Ausweg aus dem Dilemma aufzeigen zu können, der die wichtigsten Eigenschaften dezentraler Netzwerke (wie den Entzug zentraler Kontrolle der Infrastruktur) auf Dauer bewerkstelligen kann und trotzdem die notwendigen Vernetzungsfeatures bietet, um erfolgreich zu sein. Vor allem kann ich zeigen, auf welche Faktoren zu achten ist, um dem Zentralismus nicht wieder anheim zu fallen.

INTENSO#1 - re:publica 2014

Stimmen der Revolution - Zeitreise durch 200 Jahre Widerstand

Martin Fischer, Cornelis Kater

KURZTHESE:
Historische Überwachung braucht historische Antworten! Wir nehmen Euch mit auf eine Audio-Zeitreise durch 200 Jahre Widerstand gegen staatliche Überwachung. Zitate, Artikel, Reden, Lieder, Gedichte: In einer Mischung aus Vortrag und Hörspiel lassen wir Menschen zu Wort kommen, die sich ohne Netz und doppelten Boden trauten, für Bürger- und Freiheitsrechte einzustehen. Wir möchten Euch Mut machen, indem wir mutige Zeitzeug_innen aus der Geschichte vorstellen.

BESCHREIBUNG:
Ironie der Geschichte: Vor einem Vierteljahrhundert fiel die Mauer und aus dem geteilten Deutschland wurde wurde wieder ein Staat. SED-Diktatur und Stasi-Totalüberwachung der DDR waren ebenso überwunden wie die in Jahre gekommene Bonner Republik. Doch die Feierstimmung des Jubiläums wird getrübt: Noch kein Jahr ist es her, dass Edward Snowden uns eindrucksvoll vor Augen geführt hat, wie es um mühsam erkämpfte Freiheits- und Bürgerrechte mittlerweile bestellt ist.
Aber wir sind nicht machtlos. Kreativer und erfolgreicher Widerstand gegen staatliche Willkür und Eingriffe in den persönlichen Schutzraum war und ist zu allen Zeiten möglich. Auch wenn die Lage schon öfters aussichtslos erschien, möchten wir Euch Mut machen: Unsere Geschichte ist voller Beispiele für das das Aufbegehren von Bürger_innen gegen Zensur und Überwachung.
Wir nehmen Euch mit auf eine Zeitreise und lassen Menschen aus fast 200 Jahren zu Wort kommen. Und das meinen wir ernst!
In einer Mischung aus Vortrag, Hörspiel und Audio-Collage präsentieren wir Zitate, Zeitungsartikel, Reden, Lieder und Gedichte von unterschiedlichen Zeitzeug_innen. Wir sind dicht dran an ihrem Kampf für Bürgerrechte und zeigen dadurch Ihre Aktualität für unsere Zeit auf. Von den Karlsbader Beschlüssen (die bereits 1819 den "Beschluß betreffend die Bestellung einer Centralbehörde zur nähern Untersuchung der in mehreren Bundesstaaten entdeckten revolutionären Umtriebe" beinhalteten), der Revolution 1848, der Zeit der NS-Diktatur bis hin zum geteilten Deutschland und der wiedervereinigten Bundesrepublik geht unser Streifzug. Auf der Bühne ordnen wir das Gehörte zeitlich ein, zeigen Beispiele des Widerstands auf und diskutieren mit Euch über die Implikationen für unsere digitale Gegenwart 2014 nach Snowden. Historische Überwachung braucht historische Antworten!

INTENSO#1 - re:publica 2014

Networking [European] Democracy

Antony Zacharzewski, Karen Melchior

KURZTHESE:
Can you create decentralised, networked democracy in a big government world? At the European level, where there is no single political space, does networked democracy give the opportunity of a networked demos? How should the next European Commission and Parliament do better. Let us make some suggestions.

BESCHREIBUNG:
This workshop will hear about approaches to opening up decision making on three very different levels - the local, the national and the European.
Politics needs to be a network and not just broadcasting. We need all voices to be heard. On a European level the European Parliament can make a difference when the national politicians fail. How do we open up European politics to have an open and inclusive political debate? How to allow voters to be heard and make politicians listen and cooperate. Workshop will discuss suggestions for the new European Commission and Parliament on creating an open democratic debate across Europe for the next 5 years so our voices can be heard.
Anthony Zacharzewski from the Democratic Society in the UK will share experience from two developing projects in England, "NHS Citizen" which is trying to build a citizen participation mechanism for the 50 million users of England's National Health Service, and "Lewes Civic Platform" which is trying to connect local civic activist networks in Sussex on the South Coast.
Karen Melchior, a Danish European Parliamentary candidate will share her campaign experience, and her ideas for building a connected European politics.

INTENSO#1 - re:publica 2014

Black to Grey to Black: Lessons From Two Decades of Online Activism

Parker Higgins

KURZTHESE:
There's no museum of online activism; its history is told as a series of disconnected events. Without perspective, we are left to guess what will work next, while scrambling to recreate elements of earlier successes. What can we learn from two decades of online protests? What has made these campaigns work where so many others have failed? And how can the bloggers, activists, and others at re:publica take these lessons and apply them to the wild web of today-and tomorrow?

BESCHREIBUNG:
There's no museum of online activism; its history is told as a series of disconnected events. Without perspective, we are left to guess what will work next, while scrambling to recreate elements of earlier successes. This talk aims to provide some of that perspective by focusing on three keystone events in the battle for online free speech: 1996's Black World Wide Web protest and the subsequent Blue Ribbon Campaign; 2004's Grey Tuesday to protest censorship by copyright; and 2012's SOPA Blackout protests and ACTA street actions. What can we learn from two decades of online protests? What has made these campaigns work where so many others have failed? And how can the bloggers, activists, and others at re:publica take these lessons and apply them to the wild web of today-and tomorrow?

INTENSO#1 - re:publica 2014

Where Old-World Meets New-Era: Creating Solution Processes for Global Change

Jonathan Henning, Jonathan Imme

KURZTHESE:
Individuals and organizations need smart and sustaibable solution processes to cope with today's global challenges.

BESCHREIBUNG:
Finding innovative yet tenable solutions is imperative in business and in society in general. Solutions can be big and bold leaps forward or small daily steps which move a project or enterprise gradually into the right direction. Now more than ever, profit and nonprofit-actors require sophisticated methods and tools which help them take these steps. They need to make sense of myriad datasets, balance competing priorities, and decide on efficient implementation. Setting-up a sound environment and process for doing so is a big prize but also a huge challenge for them.
In this session, speakers from different fields of business (consulting, app development, and conference organization) and in different kinds of organizations will illustrate how they arrive at solutions in their daily work. In order to give participants a chance to experience the challenges and benefits of different solution processes themselves, we will run a short case study centred on a focal challenge of Global Economic Sympoisum (GES, the session co-organizer) during the hour. The GES is an annual solution-oriented conference. The 2014 GES will take place in Kuala Lumpur on September 6 to 8, 2014.
More information on the conference

INTENSO#1 - re:publica 2014

Automated profiling in law enforcement? What can we know about the actual practice in Germany?

Daniel Guagnin

KURZTHESE:
Profiling technologies have impact on societal norms and practices. A research team at Technische Universität Berlin conducted a case study on the role of profiling technologies in the field of law enforcement and monitoring of political activism. In this talk, first outcomes will be presented.

BESCHREIBUNG:
The Snowden revelations rise questions about which data is used and how it is used by governmental bodies and how this changes societal norms, normativity and judgement. How close did we come in replacing human judgement by data based probabilities calculated by algorithms - which was already feared in the early days of computers?
The Profiling Project (the project is funded by the European Union's Fundamental Rights and Justice Programme) investigates the impact of automated profiling on fundamental rights. Recently the research team at Technische Universität Berlin conducted a case study on the role of profiling technologies in the field of law enforcement and monitoring of political activism.
About 10 long term qualitative interviews with different actors in the realm of political activism have been conducted, such as technology providers, lawyers, legal experts, governmental bodies, activists. The analysis gives insights into the practice of law enforcement activities and shows the range from what can be known about it and what can be assumed regarding the experiences of scrutinized citizen. It thus sheds some light on the factual practices and the impact of new profiling technologies to policing practices in Germany.

INTENSO#1 - re:publica 2014

Just the facts or all the propaganda? Reporting from and about Ukraine

Alena Popova, Oksana Romaniuk

KURZTHESE:
The battle to control the media narrative coming out of Ukraine and Russia has moved online.

BESCHREIBUNG:
"Wahrheit und Verzerrung - Berichterstattung aus und über die Ukraine" Oksana Romaniuk aus der Ukraine und Alyona Popova aus Russland, zwei Jurymitglieder des Deutsche Welle Preises für Online-Aktivismus "The Bobs", diskutieren die mediale Berichterstattung aus und über die Ukraine. Der Kampf um die Meinungshoheit wird längst auch im Netz geführt. Haben die westlichen Medien in ihrer Berichterstattung ein schiefes Bild der Ukraine geliefert? Brauchen wir einen Propagandafilter als Add-on für den Browser?
Presented by The Bob's - Best of Online Activism by Deutsche Welle.

INTENSO#1 - re:publica 2014

Pledge, Turn, Prestige - The Snowden Pitch

Marcus John Henry Brown

KURZTHESE:
Building on his 2013 re:publica talk "I Palindrome I - you life is mine", Marcus takes a look at how Edward Snowden has become one of the most evocative fictional characters of our time. Set in 2008, "The Snowden Pitch" takes the form of a formal presentation in which Marcus presents a narrative and strategic framework to senior members of the NSA and explores how using models such as "Pledge, Turn, Prestige", "Limited Hangout Operations" and "Worked Shoots" the NSA could win the Internet.

BESCHREIBUNG:
"Come in closer because the more you think you see, the easier it'll be to fool you" .Now you see me.
Espionage is like magic. It's full of deception and things happening in other places whilst you're looking somewhere else. Like a good magic trick, good espionage will pull it's audience in, show as many cards as possible and just when the audience thinks it knows what is going on the magician/spy will make something disappear.
"Now you're looking for the secret... but you won't find it, because of course you're not really looking. You don't really want to know. You want to be fooled. But you wouldn't clap yet. Because making something disappear isn't enough; you have to bring it back. That's why every magic trick has a third act, the hardest part, the part we call "The Prestige". The Prestige.
On the last weekend of 2013 Marcus was writing a list of things that had really annoyed him during the past 12 months. At the top of the list was Edward Snowden. Confused as to why this might be, he let his mind wander a little and found himself in a managed solutions office in Munich airport. He found himself in a meeting room with a beamer, notepads and a plate of biscuits.
It was 2008 and he'd been given a brief.
Four middle-aged gentlemen in suits enter the room, hands are shook, the door is locked and coffee is served. The senior man in the room repeats the terms of the meeting and then Marcus is asked to begin. "The Pledge, The Turn, The Prestige - The Snowden Pitch" is a fictional pitch presentation that approaches the NSA as if it were a client with unlimited budget, an image problem within the espionage community and explores Edward Snowden as the protagonist of the biggest worked shoot the world has ever seen.
The talk explores why the NSA would have done this, what they would have to gain and, more importantly, it considers that which we have not yet seen - The Prestige.

INTENSO#1 - re:publica 2014

Media Freedom Under Pressure - Global Trends and Perspectives

Solana Larsen, Erol Önderoglu, Andrei Soldatov, Sally Broughton Micova

KURZTHESE:
Today freedom of the press and freedom of expression are under serious threat in numerous countries. This threat is present in authoritarian states as well as in democracies generally considered to be well established and stable. Can new online media and much-touted grassroots journalism offer a way out?

BESCHREIBUNG:
In countries all around the world, government surveillance, repression and influence are posing new challenges for the media and civil society. More and more frequently, we are seeing an arms race between journalists, Internet activists and governments, with governments attempting to protect their monopoly on information by monitoring and blocking websites and communication channels through intimidation and condemnation. Can new online media and much-touted grassroots journalism offer a way out? Or do developments like the restrictions imposed on freedom of expression on the Internet in places like Vietnam and Turkey show that not even the Internet can stop this trend? Why are civil society organizations so active online, especially in countries with underdeveloped Internet infrastructure? And why is media freedom developing so diversely in Eastern Europe, with positive tendencies in Poland and dramatic declines in Hungary? "Media Freedom Under Pressure - Global Trends and Perspectives" is an opportunity for bloggers, journalists and media experts from various countries to join us in a discussion of these developments. The session is presented by two of the Bertelsmann Foundation's projects: the Sustainable Governance Indicators and the Bertelsmann Transformation Index.

LEXAR_8GB - re:publica 2014

Why should you know who has been asking about you?

Katarzyna Szymielewicz

KURZTHESE:
If you want to know what state knows about you and why so much, then we have something in common. In the post-Snowden world we became well aware that data we store on servers belonging to private companies tends to have a second life. It is where secret services and law enforcement meet the Internet. How to prevent bulk transfers from private to public data bases? How to make sure that due process is in place? What do we know about disclosures of our data and how can we learn more?

BESCHREIBUNG:
Shedding more light on private-public data flows seems to be one objective on which citizens and companies could work together. It is the question of getting the incentives right and reaching some consensus on what "transparency" really means. Do we care more about numbers (i.e. how many times our data was disclosed) or purposes of surveillance? Can we control both? I will suggest answers to these questions on the basis of my own research. Building on what was triggered by Snowden's revelations and recent research that Panoptykon Foundation carried out in Poland, I will look at:

1. What sorts of data we "leave behind" in the Net and what can be inferred from these data sets?
2. Who can access this wealth of information and for what purposes?
3. How much can we learn about that just by talking to companies?
4. What are the problems to be solved and possible solutions?

LEXAR_8GB - re:publica 2014

Lights on the Wild! (Ist das Netzpolitik oder kann das weg?)

Maximilian Hösl, Julia Krüger

KURZTHESE:
Auch wenn die Netzpolitik komplex, grenzenlos oder schwer voraussehbar zu sein scheint: Es lassen sich Muster ihrer Struktur und Entwicklung erkennen, deren Kenntnis für die weitere Gestaltung einer digitalen Gesellschaft nützlich ist.

BESCHREIBUNG:
Die Netzpolitik wächst heran. Zumindest was Themen, Akteure und Institutionen angeht. Bedeutet das eine Entstehung von Ordnung, von Berechenbarkeit und Struktur? Wenn ja, warum gibt es dann beispielsweise noch keine Internetministerin? Wir wollen versuchen, Pfade durchs wilde Dickicht der Politisierung des Netzes zu schlagen.
Begonnen haben wir mit einer Community-Befragung. Wir haben gefragt: Was ist die Geburtsstunde der Netzpolitik? Wie und warum wurde das Netz politisch? Was wir bekommen haben, sind viele Geschichten: von BTX-Hacks, dem Bundespost-Monopol auf Modems, einem Unbehagen mit der Sicherheitspolitik nach 09/11 oder einer zensierenden Ursula von der Leyen.
Im Wildwuchs der Antworten lassen sich Muster erkennen, die wir erklären und zur Diskussion stellen wollen - im Vergleich mit Entwicklungen in Politik und Gesellschaft.
Wir stellen also unterschiedliche Geschichten der Netzpolitik vor - und in einen Zusammenhang - und erklären, was uns diese Geschichten über die Entwicklung und Strukturierung eines Politikfeldes Netzpolitik erzählen können.

LEXAR_8GB - re:publica 2014

Wie ich lernte, die Überwachung zu lieben

Felix Schwenzel

KURZTHESE:
Die fiktionale Figur Andrew (Ender) Wiggins sagt in Orson Scott Cards Buch (und Film) Das große Spiel: "In dem Moment in dem ich meinen Feind verstehe, ihn gut genug verstehe um ihn zu schlagen, in genau diesem Moment liebe ich ihn auch." Hilft uns diese pop-philosophische Erkenntnis möglicherweise den Überwachungsstaat zu schlagen und zu überwinden und wieder mehr Grundrechte garantiert zu bekommen?

BESCHREIBUNG:
Die fiktionale Figur Andrew (Ender) Wiggins sagt in Orson Scott Cards Buch (und Film) Das große Spiel:
In dem Moment, in dem ich meinen Feind verstehe, ihn gut genug verstehe um ihn zu schlagen, in genau diesem Moment liebe ich ihn auch.
Hilft uns diese pop-philosophische Erkenntnis möglicherweise den Überwachungsstaat zu schlagen und zu überwinden und wieder mehr Grundrechte garantiert zu bekommen?
Oder ist die überbordende staatliche Überwachung, die mit Hilfe von Edward Snowden aufgedeckt wurde, nicht einfach nur eine weitere Disruption, die uns die Vernetzung, das Internet gebracht haben? Ist das was Amazon mit dem Buchmarkt, das Internet mit dem stationären Einzelhandel macht, vergleichbar mit dem was die Geheimdienste der Welt mit unserer Privatsphäre anstellen?
Warum heissen wir die Disruption etlicher Wirtschaftszweige durch das Internet willkommen und fordern Veränderung und Anpassung an die neuen Gegebenheiten, weigern uns aber, unser Bild von Privatsphäre an die neuen Gegebenheiten anzupassen?
Anders gefragt, sind wir von glühenden Internet-Fans zu Fortschrittsskeptikern geworden, weil wir uns plötzlich persönlich vom Fortschritt bedroht fühlen - oder ist die Lage wirklich ernst?

LEXAR_8GB - re:publica 2014

The Architecture of Invisible Censorship: How Digital and Meatspace Censorship Differ

Pranesh Prakash

KURZTHESE:
We often believe that the Internet routes around censorship; at the same time we often feel the same rules that should apply to offline speech (e.g., not being removed without a court order, etc.) should apply to online speech as well; we often understand that there are differences between offline and online censorship, but what are the implications of the intermediated digital lives that we lead on how we engage in and combat against censorship? He probes the idea of "invisible censorship" as the dominant mode of modern digital censorship, in a break from previous forms of social, private, or state-directed censorship which were mostly visible and hence challengeable, and presents tentative thoughts on what we do legally, technologically, and socially to uncloak invisible censorship.

INTENSO#1 - re:publica 2014

Mit Sicherheit scheitern: the End of One-Internet

Andreas Schmidt

KURZTHESE:
Eighteen years ago, John Perry Barlow derided the "weary giants of flesh and steel" - today, they control the Internet. The idea of a communicational one-world has been superseded by the giants' power-grabbing approach. This talk discusses different types of possible Internet security institutions, their viability, and their ability to achieve traditional Internet values embedded in open source ideas. The choice between technological cosmopolitanism, a fire brigades-design, an Internet government, informational hegemony, and noospheric empire fundamentally influences which values the Internet can yield.

BESCHREIBUNG:
Security saves it all, breaks it all. A sovereign is she who calls the shot in a crisis. Label any contested policy a security issue, and you'll get a green light for applying whatever it takes. Yet, the design of security and its institutions has only played a minor role in Internet discourses off the beaten track of security circles.
The need for security institutions is apparent: The human species is a "group of persons who can't do without peaceful togetherness and yet can't help but constantly loathe one another". Immanuel Kant, the source of the previous words, thought mankind could achieve its civic norms: it only had to follow the guiding principle of the idea of a cosmopolitan society. Therein, citizens set up, ensure, and enforce their own civic rules. The ensuing 250 years haven't quite followed this model. The cosmopolitan model, the ideals of one-world have failed to sustainably shape world politics. Ideas of perfect global political institutions have been shattered by political realities, then adapted to these political realities, and thereby slowly dismantled from their initial normative impetus. This pattern also applies to the Internet and thinking thereof.
This talk elaborates on different designs of security institutions, among them the fire brigade-approach, an Internet government, technological cosmopolitanism, the evil noosphere empire, and benevolent informational hegemony. These models of security are contrasted with popular ideas and values of Internet fans such as openness, distributiveness, and socialness. In addition, the viability of any model differs substantially given political and economic interests in today's world.
As living on the Internet now has aspects of life in the Truman Show, the question arises whether there is any chance to revert the status quo of the existing landscape of Internet security institutions. Hope springs eternal, but reason tells a new dominant thinking on the Internet and the values it shell foster is on the rise.
--
P.S.: A hint for English speakers regarding the title of this talk. "Mit Sicherheit scheitern" translates as both "failing for sure" and "failing with security".

LEXAR_8GB - re:publica 2014

Networked Consent: Dreaming and Desire in the 21st Century

Laurie Penny

KURZTHESE:
Changes in communications technology allow us to think in new ways about consent, desire and the nature of power. There are important parallels between the backlash against rape culture and innovations in digital politics. What does that mean for the consent of the governed?

BESCHREIBUNG:
This talk is about how the internet is allowing women and queer people to question rape culture and change the conversation about what is 'done to' people and what we'll accept. Voting is a limited form of consent: it allows you to say yes or no, just once, to a contract whose terms you don't get to see until you've signed. Who is speaking back to power? Is it possible to enthusiastically consent to capitalism? Can we create a new formula for 'consent of the governed'? What links liquid democracy with #everydaysexism? All this and more will be hashed out.

LEXAR_8GB - re:publica 2014

Gate keeping, old and new. How freedom of the press is threatened by the companies that themselves depend on it.

Matthias Spielkamp, Jillian York, Alexa O'Brian

KURZTHESE:
Some Internet giants exhibit double standards: They rely on constitutional freedom of speech guarantees (i.e. the First Amendment) as a basis for their business models but at the same time deprive their users of these freedoms. This is especially problematic in cases of journalistic content because of the role journalism has in society - as an essential force in allowing public debate and forming public opinion. Constituting, in short, a society's conversation with itself. We urgently need new models and ideas to resolve this situation.

BESCHREIBUNG:
Amazon cut off Wikileaks when it was asked to do so by a US senator. Apple didn't need anyone to ask them to block an app from their store that sends users a notice whenever a US drone kills someone - it just rejected it as "objectionable and crude". Facebook erased posts critical of the Catholic church by a German talk show host because someone doesn't like what he said, but does not say who it was and for what reason. And Google has never sufficiently corrected its "real name only" policy that either prevents citizen journalists from using the platform altogether or puts them at risk when they do. Examples that show the Internet giants' double standards: they rely on constitutional freedom of speech guarantees (i.e. the First Amendment) as a basis for their business models but at the same time deprive their users of these freedoms. This is especially problematic in cases of journalistic content because of the role journalism has in society - as an essential force in allowing public debate and forming public opinion. Constituting, in short, a society's conversation with itself. At the same time, many publishers have never been shy of using their own publications for their political aims and economic gains. Now some of them are turning into content distribution platforms themselves. So are they living in glass houses, throwing stones?

LEXAR_8GB - re:publica 2014

Crowdsourcing Design: The Good, the Bad and the Ugly

Florian Alexander Schmidt

KURZTHESE:
This talk looks at the ethics and aesthetics of the crowdsourcing industry, its dark side and silver linings, with a focus on the crowdsourcing of design. What distinguishes the crowd design from micro tasking? And is crowdsourcing inherently exploitative or can it be done in a way that is sustainable for all stakeholders?

BESCHREIBUNG:
Crowdsourcing Design: The Good, the Bad and the Ugly Once merely one of these buzzwords, crowdsourcing has developed into a rapidly growing global industry. Today's sweatshops are "in the cloud" and a plethora of crowd based projects reaching from the weird to the worrisome calls for a differentiated analysis and critique.
Crowdsourcing is a very controversial concept, especially because it is now applied to so many fields. The crowd has become the source for a great variety of tasks and the incentives are heterogenous as well. The lack of boundaries between work and play makes it so difficult to evaluate crowdsourcing and it gets particularly tricky when the projects are profit-oriented.
For some, crowdsourcing is "just like Wikipedia, but with everything" - a seemingly utopian idea. However, when the so called wisdom of the crowds turns into precarious crowd-labour, with all risks being outsourced to the workers, it becomes indistinguishable from exploitation. While a large section of the crowdsourcing industry is organised the way that workers get micro-payment for mirco-tasks, the crowdsourcing of design is characteristically organised through contests.
In this model, the platform providers take a forty percent cut upfront from the money paid by external clients while the designers compete, with a chance of one in a hundred, to eventually get paid for the work they have done beforehand. But there are also platforms that try to organise crowdsourcing in a way that is fair for all stakeholders.

weitere re:publica 2014 Vorträge

http://re-publica.de/session/social-engineering-sozialen-netzwerken-angriffsszenarien-und-moeglichkeiten-des-digitalen
http://re-publica.de/session/security-and-privacy-private-cloud-environments
http://re-publica.de/session/alex-pitchcube
http://re-publica.de/session/history-repeating-wenn-nerds-geschichte-schreiben
http://re-publica.de/session/hashtags-politics-europawahl-2014
http://re-publica.de/session/shannon-snowden-human-target-information-theory-beginning-until-today
http://re-publica.de/session/lets-visualize-it-making-sense-globalization-through-data-visualization
http://re-publica.de/session/anmeldepflichtig-could-should-would-urbane-zukunft-und-digitale-moeglichkeitsraeume
http://re-publica.de/session/buchvorstellung-ueberwachtes-netz
http://re-publica.de/session/how-do-we-know-tech-hubs-make-difference-crash-course-evaluation-innovation-ecosystems
http://re-publica.de/session/netzpolitikorg-treffen-redaktion
http://re-publica.de/session/data-dealer-ueberwachung-datenhandel-spiel
http://re-publica.de/session/big-small-open-my-data
http://re-publica.de/session/fighting-prism-distributed-and-federated-net
http://re-publica.de/session/data-gone-wild-frei-darf-datenvisualisierung-sein
http://re-publica.de/session/warum-acta-jugendliche-bewegt-hat-und-prism-kaum-spurensuche
http://re-publica.de/session/o-europa-where-art-thou-quiz-fuer-eu-nerds
http://re-publica.de/session/big-small-open-my-data
http://re-publica.de/session/me-you-and-everyone-we-dont-know-yet-building-diversity-workshop

LEXAR 8GB - Interviews

Ed Murrow: A Conversation with J. Robert Oppenheimer

See It Now - Season 4, Episode 18, 4 Jan. 1955 (on IMDb)

"Work is so hard and failure is -I guess- an unevitable condition of success."
"[The purpose of us -the Princeton Institute of Advanced Study- is] to help men who are creative and deep and active and struggling scholars and scientists, to get the job done that it is their destiny to do. This is a big order, and we take a corner of that, we do the best we can, we suffer from limits of money, of wisdom, of space. And we know if we get big, we will spoil everything, because the kind of intimacy, the kind of understanding, the kind of comradeship that is possible in a place of this size is hard to maintain in a place ten times as big. But we are here as an institution, I don't mean in our individual capacities. And as an institution we are here to take away from them the cares, the pleasures, that are their normal excuse for not following the rugged road of their own life and need and destiny."

LEXAR 8GB - Interviews

/Edelman 

Gerald Edelman talks to Basil Gelpke: Simple words and deep meanings

Zeitpunkt: 37 Minuten, 27 Sekunden seit dem Anfang des Videos)
Unser Gehirn funktioniert durch Selektion nach darwinistischem Prinzip, arbeitet also auf einer anderen Basis als die wissenschaftlich-technische Welt.

Technische Systeme versagen, wenn sie in sich widersprüchlich sind. Widersprüche in unserem Bewusstsein dagegen eröffnen uns im besten Fall neue Horizonte. Im schlimmsten Fall sind wir uns ihrer nicht bewusst. Wir sind im Alltag eingebettet in exakte Wissenschaft und Technik und glauben daher, unser Denken könne ebenso fehlerfrei sein.

Nach Gerald Edelman funktioniert unser Gehirns prinzipiell ähnlich wie unser Immunsystem.

Letzteres arbeitet mit einem Netzwerk von Cytokinen, T- und B-Zellen (einfache Beispiele: 1, 2). Der Zustand des Netzwerks wird durch Eindrücke von außen (z.B. Bakterien) verschoben, die Eindrücke werden also im Netzwerk abgebildet. Die Verschiebungen des Netzwerks sind die Bilder, die unser Immunsystem von den Eindrücken hat. Mit ihnen erkennt es beispielsweise, um welches Bakterium es sich handelt, Verschiebung und Bakterium, Eindruck und Wirklichkeit sind fürs Immunsystem das Gleiche.

INTENSO#2 - Gerald Edelman

brain_dynamics_IBM

Gerald Edelman: From Brain Dynamics to Consciousness: A Prelude to the Future of Brain-Based Devices
Lecture 1 of 12 of IBM Research's Almaden Institute Conference on Cognitive Computing, June 2006

• neuron group formation
• reentrant signaling

brain_dynamics_UCLA

Gerald M. Edelman: From Brain Dynamics to Consciousness: How Matter Becomes Imagination 

University of California at Los Angeles, February 2005, viewgraphs invisible

History of Neuroscience

Society for Neuroscience archival interview with American biologist Gerald M. Edelman, March 2004. He successfully constructed a precise model of an antibody, a protein used by the body to neutralise harmful bacteria or viruses, and it was this work that won him the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1972 jointly with Rodney R Porter. He then turned his attention to neuroscience, focusing on neural Darwinism, an influential theory of brain function. 

/WebofStories (July 2005)

4.37 The theory of neural Darwinism

In the first place, what is the theory presumed to say? Well, what it presumes to say is to turn the problem on its head and say, instead of being like a Turing machine...

 which is what a computer is, a finite state automaton with a program with a tape head that can read or write a zero or a one and then move one step or move in the other direction one step and change its program again, and in fact even expunge a zero and one and replace it, which Turing showed, in fact. If you have an effective, unambiguous algorithmic procedure, you can have a universal Turing machine; you can show mathematically that there is not problem you can't solve except certain ones which he showed were insoluble. So this idea pervaded; I mean, people still in cognitive science consider this the central idea: namely, if that's what you can do with a computer, then why not the brain as a computer?

Well, it turns out, when you look at the actual biology and you go back, and there is a suggestion here to embryogenesis, things happen uniquely. And then you have the problem of... well, that means you have a kind of ambiguous situation, you have mistakes, so-called. Now what do you do with a computer when it makes mistakes? Well, you put in error correcting programs. But when you look at the biology, the number of possible error corrections would become unbelievably large. So this theory, which was called the theory of neuronal group selection or neural Darwinism in honor of the great man, said the following. 

That there were three fundamental stages: 

the first was the stage in which you lay down the neuroanatomy which was following those kinds of rules I mentioned about in morphogenesis, namely you have cell division, cell motion, cell adhesion, cell death, and... and the interaction amongst different parts, embryonic induction, in which one set of cells influences another by signaling. All of this is true in the nervous system, but you have to remember the nervous system is made of very special kinds of cells which are extremely polar, which have long processes called axons which go from one cell to connect to another through a synapse or connection, and also have other kinds of processes called dendrites which receive that connection from axons. When you look at it, it sort of scares you. The numbers are truly scary. Let me give you a feeling for that.

The cortex of the brain has about 30 billion neurons. It has a million, billion connections. If you count one second... one connection per second you will just finish counting 32 million years later. That's just counting them. If you calculate how many different ways they can connect, it's ten followed by a million zeros. There are ten followed by 83 zeros, give or take, of particles in the known universe. Gives you a lot of respect. So here you have this problem, that in each embryo, when you're making the nervous system and its connections and its neuroanatomy, it's true that these genes we mentioned before, Hox genes and Pax genes, constrain the fact that say it's a human brain rather than a chimp brain. But in very short order the whole process becomes epigenetic; it becomes that neurons that are connected, even at a distance, that fire together will... will influence which neurons wire together. That first step has to necessarily introduce variation. So even though all brains are alike in the way the faces are alike, they're also different in the way faces are different, even in twins.

The second step is related to the first: namely that, even after you have the anatomy, that there is differences in the strengths of the connections. There are differences in the strengths of the connections. So that the influence of particular events on a synapse are such as either weaken it or strengthen it. That's essentially like putting a traffic cop on each of the highway points, to let it go through fast, to let it go through slow, or to stop it completely. And neurons come in two flavors excitatory and inhibitory and all of the things I'm mentioning refer to both. The fact is this second process is occurring right now in our brains and is the basis, in large extent, a necessary basis at least, for things like memory, learning and what have you. So that is the second stage. 

So the first stage is what I call developmental selection, where you change amongst the different embryonic processes; 

the second stage is experiential selection, because obviously your experience of the input to the various neurons changes which ones fire together and wire together. But neither of those really covers the essential point that you... you're faced with when you give up the idea of a computer. A computer works by logic and a clock. Now I've given up logic and I've given up a clock, and I've said brains don't work that way they work by pattern recognition so what gives you the equivalent of time and space? The answer to that is the hard part of the theory, I'm afraid to say.

(added by J. Gruber)
Logic, space and time are foreign to our consciousness
Our consciousness does not work on logical principles and it does not have a clock. Our brain represents logic and time. They are the result of models our brain forms while we grow up.

Oliver Sacks in Awakenings, pages 339 - 348:

"We may first take a brief historical look at notions of 'space'. An essential difference (one might almost say, the essential difference) between the philosophies of Newton and of Leibniz hinges on their differing notions and uses of the word 'space' - the Newtonian concept of 'motion' versus the Leibnizian one of 'action'.

• For Newton space and time were absolutes - absolute media in which motion occurred; they were not hypotheses (Hypotheses non fingo), or, as we would say now, frames-of-reference.

• For Leibniz, in contrast, 'space' and 'time,' and all such notions of continuity and extension, were simply ways of speaking, ways of picturing and measuring the size of actions: they were concrete and actual, not absolute and abstract, i.e. they were convenient (or conventional) constructions or 'models,' figurative language (albeit of a very special sort). (These essentially relativistic concepts of Leibniz are fully spelled out in his correspondence with Clark - a correspondence interrupted only by Leibniz's death, and not published until many years later.)

The notion of 'space' as a way of speaking and looking at the world, rather than as a Euclidean or Newtonian absolute, was revived by Gauss in his famous papers on the possible curvatures of possible spaces, and then by the great Russian geometers in their 'alternative geometries.' These, then, combined with Maxwellian dynamics, were the intellectual antecedents of Einstein's thought, his notions of coordinate systems in motion relative to each other, of the possibility of countless, individual, variable space-times ...")

4.38 The idea of re-entry

Third Step

This is called re-entry and I suppose I can convey the idea by an analogy and also by setting up some structure. In your brain there are vast parts of, say, the cortex of your brain that wrinkled structure I mentioned before which are connected back and forth by parallel fibers, massively parallel fibers. They're also connected side to side. For example, your right cortex is connected to your left and vice versa though something called the corpus colosum. The corpus colosum has about 200 million axons going back and forth in both directions, mapping maps that are similar but not identical on each side of your brain. So when inputs come to those they send inputs back to the other side of your brain.

Well, imagine all these things happening at once and never staying still. Well, this is quite different than what you have, say, in this camera in some of the electronic devices. It's not feedback. Feedback is when you try to put an error signal in, after you've put an input in back to the original case with a correction; say, if you put in a sine wave and you want an amplified sine wave, if it's an error you send back the error and correct it, etc. In this case nothing of the sort is possible because we've assumed it's not a computer, it's not an electronic circuit; it's a selectional system. So when inputs come in to the two sides of your brain and they send inputs to each other over this massively parallel set of fibers, what's happening? Well, it's re-entry.

Re-entry is a recursive process of changing synaptic strengths across massively parallel connections in different parts of the brain. And what it tends to do is synchronize the circuits that connect these things in such a way that, out of the myriad numbers, certain ones are picked over others so they're selected. So here we have a kind of analogy with immunology; but we have to be careful here because the analogy's also with evolution. All of these selectional processes have three steps:

1. the first step is the origin of diversity you have to have some way of making differences. 
2. Second, you have to poll that which is going to be recognised by the recognizer or vice versa. 
3. And third, you have to get some form of differential amplification of ones that fit the past. 

In evolution you get the diversifier by mutation; you get the circling from behavior and competition in the environment, and, finally, in the third case, you get differential reproduction of the progeny of those animals that are more fit.

In immunology you have this process of somatic variation I talked about, where you make a whole bunch of different antibody combining cells, each 10¹¹ of them 10 followed by 11 zeros of different cells, each with a different antibody, one each. And then you pick those that bind a particular foreign molecule, even one that never existed before, and you stimulate the production of those cells, so that the next time around you see more antibodies of that kind. 

Well, in the brain what is it? Well, in the brain it is that a developmental and experiential selection cause an enormous repertoire of variant dynamic circuits. But here it's much harder. You have to think of the whole thing as very dynamic because there are signals flying back and forth all over the place in this closely coupled anatomy. And what seems to hold the whole thing together is this business of re-entry namely... and we've tested this here in a series of theoretical models, namely the idea that, through re-entry and constant correction you will get synchronous circuits that work to be part of that repertoire and are selected. How are they selected? Because the synaptic strengths are increased mutually.

4.39 The idea of value

Well, there's one thing I've left out and it's a very important thing philosophically speaking or morally speaking... I don't know how to put it. And that is the so-called idea of value. All of this occurs somatically in an individual according to this theory but it can't occur unless you've already inherited something that we call value. Let me illustrate that by a concept... how do I put it? By... by saying there are, there are anatomical structures in the brain, about six of them, called value systems. 

For instance if I go like this, your locus coeruleus which is a set of little blue spots about 6000 neurons each, release noradrenalin all over your brain through a leaky hose. If I have you tested and you're trying to perform something for a reward, you release dopamine through another set of signals coming from parts of the ventral tegmentum and also something called the basal ganglia. If I go to other parts of the brain, it's acetylcholine. There are these diffuse ascending systems that you are born with that have been selected by evolution to give you rewards or punishments if you will, according to your behavior. Those condition the selection I mentioned in this ternary relationship, developmental, experiential and re-entry. So you have this system working together and that was the gist of the theory I put together in Zurich.

Well, since then it's been elaborated much more completely and, indeed, in 1987 I published a book called Neural Darwinism. Well, that released a bit of a storm and I found out that, independent of its merits, if you want to have a lot of disturbance around you, theorize in biology. There's no doubt that it's a little bit different than in physics. In any case the book gave a much more extensive analysis of the situation from more points of view and of the developing theory, and it also of course looked for evidence to support the theory. Now, as you know, there's no way you can prove a theory in science; there's only a way you can perhaps disprove it. And so far I'm happy to report the theory hasn't been disproven. I personally believe it is terribly important to have that theory because, unlike the other organs that develop, as complex as they are; say the kidney or the liver, the brain is after all giving rise to these amazing properties of knowledge, consciousness, all of the philosophical notions etc., etc., epistemology, how you know, how it all goes together, language. So how does this all go together in this disparate mess? There are so many different levels of organization in that brain that you're struck through with awe when you really look at the complexity of it.

Well, the position I took on the theory was this: that maybe we can't prove it, because you can't do that with a scientific theory, but at least we can show it's self-consistent. And so, as a result of that, my colleagues and I have run a series of brain models. We've made models of these different processes that I talked about, and shown that at least the theory is self-consistent. If you try to express a theory like this just in words, the complexity is not embedded. You've got to go into details and see how that goes, and in a series of publications we did just that. Again you notice the word "we" because in fact I've been fortunate to be joined by a number of people, particularly at this institute, who are interested in this issue.

4.40 Reentry and synchrony: response to criticism of "Neural Darwinism"

I mentioned that one of ways in which you can get fervor and sometimes negative fervor, is to produce a... produce a theory in biology, especially a global one, because you're accused of hubris, of extraordinary overarching ambition, even though it isn't ambition it's more like aspiration and seeking to understand. But there is something else about it and I respond by saying that, in addition to its range, this book Neural Darwinism that I wrote was considered to be hair-raisingly dense in fact, one famous neurobiologist said to me, "I put in on my night table and I try to read one page, and it's like trying to read a whole book; haven't you got any mercy? Can't you open this thing up? And it's true that there was an extraordinary amount of consideration of dense subjects. But I, in fact, told this chap that, when I finished writing this book, even this book, never mind the one that I did way back in 1977 or [197]8... when I finished writing this I felt like a Roman centurion at the time of the Caesars, battling each other, and I came home, they said what was it like and I was full of blood and mud and all kinds of things that were not at all resolved and that involved enormous amounts of struggle. Because what my chief motivation was in writing this book was the idea that a theory in biology above all, even if it can't be predictive, should relate disparate findings. They should make understanding possible. And it seemed to me the things that I was considering were not held mutually. In fact, I considered that the field was in crisis. What do I mean by that?

Well, crisis in biology is not the same as crisis in physics. In physics for instance you had that famous one that took all of classical physics down called The Ultraviolet Catastrophe, that Planck first addressed, when you had a black body radiator and you increased its temperature according to the so-called Wien law, what happened as you approached the ultraviolet is the solution became infinite and it was a catastrophe and only by assuming the energy was put forth in quanta could you solve the problem of radiation from a black body and that began quantum mechanics. And you had to take down all of physics at that point.

Well, in biology you can always blame the other guy, and I say there's a crisis in cognitive science but, thank God, not in anatomy, or there's a crisis in neurophysiology but, thank God, not in cognitive science, etcetera. And here I was trying this very effortful thing and I admit that, to this very day, it has a flavor of... the sense of an ending is not fully there. And so you have to be a little more careful about what it is you're saying and you can't look back retrospectively with the same kind of satisfaction as you can, say, with the antibody problem. And that came out very clearly to me and it's still true... it's uppermost in my mind right now. But I did feel there was one thing about this theory that did depend on the others, not on me, and that was to get a group of people at the Neuroscience Institute particularly to do these models which are based on the theory and show that they work. So, for example, one of the hardest things to show, and one of the hardest things to understand, is this problem of re-entry.

Well, we actually made models of re-entry, and maybe the best way of conveying what entry... re-entry is doing in a selectional system and a brain theory like neural Darwinism is to use the analogy of a string quartet. Consider that you have a string quartet consisting of four very stubborn individual players. And each one decides he's going to play in the meter he wants and in the melodic system that he wants, diatonic or otherwise, and when you listen you hear just a discordant mess. Now supposing some genie comes along and hooks up every part of the body of every player with minute, almost invisible threads, so that when a violinist leans forward to do X and a cellist moves backward, that's conveyed to the other guys. Well, pretty soon you will notice that what happens is they tend to play more and more in synchrony, they tend then to approach each other at least in partial forms to create circles of what I'll call the re-entry. That's the closest I can come, because in fact it is sitting still is one thing, it's not a solution like in physics, for feedback, you have something called first order lag with dead time; you send a correction function back on one circuit and you fix it so your sine wave is now more accurate. Here it's this incredible complexity. But gradually, as a result of dynamic interactions and simultaneity and in the nervous system changing the synaptic strengths, you get coherency, you get simultaneity, and it's those things that act as part of the repertoire that you're going to put out that is selection on your behavior.

4.41 Michael Merzenich and stroke patients: brain adjusts (neuroplasticity) - neurodarwinism

There is one more very important point to make, and that is that in neural modeling above all, you can't just do many models abstractly and expect to get deep answers and that's because of the following: the brain is embodied and the body is embedded. What do I mean by that? I mean... well, let's take the example I love the most, for example, as a violinist... when you play the violin, it's a rather unnatural position; your elbow's all the way over here and the other one has got to be, at least according to the Russian schools, that you move in a plane and you don't lift your shoulder too high or knock your elbow down too low. When you look at that you... you have to convey that there's... there's a considerable problem and the problem is this: that if I, for instance, had an octopus tentacle or a squid tentacle that was extremely good at certain kinds of things, I could never play the violin, no matter what. And the reason is I have no joints, and if I want to play so-called spiccato or staccato and I have to have this kind of almost digital change in emphasis on the bow, having something without a joint will never work. Well, if I did put one in, my brain would change. And that's an important point that I want to mention.

And the reason I want to mention it is the work of Michael Merzenich at the University of California, San Francisco, was the first piece of work that I felt configured a real support for the idea of neural Darwinism. What he showed was that if he had a monkey tapping, say on a table, and he measured the response of neurons in the part of the brain called the somatosensory cortex, which is responsible for getting the messages about tapping and touch, he found an astonishing thing; 

• namely that if he tapped on different fingers it would be a map that was individual for that monkey. So digit one would have this map for the smooth side of the hand, digit two another, third, etc, and you could make that map and no two monkeys were alike. 
• But if, in fact, you had the monkey tap a lot, say with one finger, that the map responding to that finger would take other neurons away from the ones that are neighboring. Indeed, some would even take so-called face neurons away and make them hand neurons. 
• And when you cut the nerve to the hand, one nerve, the so-called median nerve, that serves this part of the thumb and the first part of this, this finger and the first part of this finger on the smooth side, when you cut that the whole system rearranges its borders and smoothly. 

Well, the only way you can really explain that result is through something like neural Darwinism, that these neuronal groups are competing to grab hold of other neurons in such a way as to make a new kind of map. And that was a very satisfactory finding. Indeed, it's been reported ever since that violinists have an incredible large map for their left hand.

And this all fits this notion of neural Darwinism very well. So the brain is altered by what kind of bodily reactions you have and, indeed, if I wanted to get very much more severe about it... I'll say it another way. It is so strong that even cognitively a patient will react differently to what happens in his body with his brain. Perhaps I should use that example. There is a disease, in a field called neuropsychology. Neuropsychology studies in large measure things that happen to you for example when you have a stroke. Now if you have a stroke on the right side of your brain... in the part of your brain called the parietal cortex, right over here above your ear, a little more posterior, you have what they call hemineglect: you do not see one half of the opposite part of the world. So if it's on your right cortex, where it usually is, you don't see the left half. So when you look at a clock you see from six to 12 or from 12 to six, either way depending on how you're looking at it, and not the other side.

4.42 Anosognosia

Well, there's another kind of disease related to that which is that, if you have a more extensive stroke, you have something called anosognosia, in which you don't even realize that you're paralyzed on your left side. So let me tell you the story of the neuropsychologist and neurologist Bisiach in Milan. 

We had a patient of this kind who had anosognosia, had a massive stroke on the right side and he (Bislach) came up and said,

 'Look, I've got these two cubes, they're identical; I'm going to put this one in your left hand and will take it in my left hand the other one. Now copy what I've done.' And he moved his hand around. 

The patient said, 'There, Doc, I've done it.' 

He said, 'No, you haven't.' 

He (patient) said, 'Sure I have.' 

He (Bislach) took the patient's hand and put it in his right visual field and said, 'Whose hand is this?' 

And the patient said, 'Yours.' 

And he (Bislach) said, 'I can't have three hands.' 

And the patient said, 'Doc, it stands to reason, if you've got three arms you have to have three hands.'

Now, that theory is a very deep theory that would explain that, and we don't really have that theory yet. It would be almost like what Freud said... would be the equivalent of what he called Anna O, a kind of paradigm case that, if you explain that, you have the whole picture. So the brain is embodied and it depends in its dynamics on the kind of body you have. But the second thing is: the brain and the body are in the world, and the signals that go to your brain, unlike what we do in our laboratories, are enormously diverse and complex. 

If you came in this room ten times and I changed the chairs or the... the table, you don't really believe that you keep every single detail of the last time in your mind, yet the number and diversity of different kinds of inputs, even at the same place, is absolutely astonishing. 

So how can you put a brain theory together unless you consider all of these things?

INTENSO#1 - Oliver Sacks

Oliver Sacks (#75 - Ende ), 2011

WebofStories

Biography

Oliver Sacks was born in England in 1933.

Having obtained his medical degree at Oxford University, he moved to the USA. There he worked as a consultant neurologist at Beth Abraham Hospital where in 1966, he encountered a group of survivors of the global sleepy sickness of 1916-1927.

Sacks treated these patients with the then-experimental drug L-Dopa producing astounding results which he describes in his book Awakenings. Further cases of neurological disorders have been described by Sacks with exceptional sympathy in another major book entitled 'The Man Who Mistook His Wife For A Hat' which became an instant best seller on its publication in 1985.

His other books draw on his rich experiences as a neurologist gleaned over almost five decades of professional practice.

• Migraine (1970)
• Awakenings (1973)
• A Leg to Stand On (1984) (Sacks's own experience, after an accident, of losing the awareness of one of his legs)
• The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat (1985)
• Seeing Voices: A Journey Into the World of the Deaf (1989) Online access
• An Anthropologist on Mars (1995)
• The Island of the Colorblind (1997) (total congenital color blindness in an island society, Guam disease)
• Uncle Tungsten: Memories of a Chemical Boyhood (2001)
• Oaxaca Journal (2002)
• Musicophilia: Tales of Music and the Brain (2007)
• The Mind's Eye (2010)
• Hallucinations (2012) (Knopf/Picador)

Sacks's work has been recognized by prestigious institutions which have awarded him numerous honours and prizes. These include the Lewis Thomas Prize given by Rockefeller University, which recognizes the scientist as poet. He is an honorary fellow of both the American Academy of Arts and Letters and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and holds honorary degrees from many universities, including Oxford, the Karolinska Institute, Georgetown, Bard, Gallaudet, Tufts, and the Catholic University of Peru.

look into Wikipedia

INTENSO#1 - Yehudi Menuhin

Yehudi Menuhin, Baron Menuhin, OM, KBE (22 April 1916 - 12 March 1999) was an American-born violinist and conductor who spent most of his performing career in the United Kingdom. He became a citizen of Switzerland in 1970, and a British subject in 1985. He is widely considered one of the greatest violinists of the 20th century

Music of Man (1979)

1. The Quiver of Life
2. The Flowering of Harmony (Roots of Music: Voices)
3. New Voices (Italian Renaissance, Venice Opera, Corelli, Monteverdi, African Ceremonial Music, Ireland, Stradivari, Guaneri, Purcell)
4. The Age of the Composer (Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven, ...)
5. The Age of the Individual (Romantic)
6. The Parting of the Ways (American and European Music)
7. The Known and the Unknown (20th Century)
8. Sound or Unsound

INTENSO#1 - Leonard Bernstein

The Making of West Side Story (1985)

Leonard Bernstein conducts West Side Story

Rehearsals of West Side Story with Leonard Bernstein, Kiri Te Kanawa, Jose Carreras, Tatjana Troianos, Kurt Ollmann, Nina und Alexander Bernstein ... (full cast)

The Unanswered Question (Norton Lectures 1973)

At the beginning of his first Norton Lecture, Leonard Bernstein explained the importance of "inter-disciplinary values - that the best way to 'know' a thing is in the context of another discipline." In these six lectures, Bernstein communicated his ideas of the universality of musical language through wide-ranging analogies to linguistics, aesthetic philosophy, acoustics as well as music history. However, while many of his ideas are intellectually challenging, the great achievement of the lectures is that through their breadth they make complex musical concepts accessible to a general audience.

Bernstein based much of the lectures on the linguistic theories Noam Chomsky set out in his book, "Language and Mind." In the first 3 lectures (Classical Period), Bernstein analyzed music in

1. linguistic terms phonology (sound),
2. syntax (structure) and
3. semantics (meaning)
4. In the 4th lecture ("The Delights and Dangers of Ambiguity"), Bernstein looked at music from the Romantic period, with its heightened harmonic uncertainties and structural freedoms.
5. The 5th lecture ("The Twentieth Century Crisis") outlined the movement toward atonality and the crisis provoked by this crucial change in our musical language. Charles Ives' "The Unanswered Question," one of the primary musical examples, became Bernstein's title for the entire series of lectures.
6. The 6th lecture ("The Poetry of the Earth") concentrated on the work of Igor Stravinsky, whom Bernstein thought had found a musical answer to "the unanswered question," one that kept tonality at its center.
7. The series ended with Bernstein's artistic and philosophical "credo," an essentially optimistic and celebratory statement of beliefs.

INTENSO#1 - Jacob Bronowski

The Ascent of Man

1. Lower than the Angels - Evolution of man from proto-ape to 400,000 years ago.
2. The Harvest of the Seasons - Early human migration, agriculture and the first settlements, war.
3. The Grain in the Stone - Tools, development of architecture and sculpture.
4. The Hidden Structure - Fire, metals and alchemy.
5. Music of the Spheres - The language of numbers.
6. The Starry Messenger - Galileo's universe.
7. The Majestic Clockwork - Explores Newton and Einstein's laws.
8. The Drive for Power - The Industrial Revolution.
9. The Ladder of Creation - Darwin and Wallace's ideas on the origin of species.
10. World within World - The story of the periodic table.
11. Knowledge or Certainty - Physics and the clash of absolute knowledge, the oppressive state, and its misgivings realizing the result of its terrible outcome.
12. Generation upon Generation - Life, genetics, and the cloning of identical forms.
13. The Long Childhood - Bronowski's treatise on the commitment of man.

INTENSO#1 - Oppenheimer

Father of the Atomic Bomb

Written by Peter Prince, directed by Barry Davis (1980)

1. Episode 1 - First years: Berkeley, Pasadena.
2. Episode 2 - Autumn 1942. Groves chooses Oppenheimer. Hakon Chevalier.
3. Episode 3 - Initial chaos in Los Alamos. Ed Condon leaves over quarrels with Groves. Jean Tatlock's suicide. Groves signs Oppenheimer's security clearance for Manhatten Project. Oppenheimer names Hakon Chevalier Christmas 1944.
4. Episode 4 - James Tuck proposes, Edward Teller, Hans Bethe favor implosion lenses. George Kistiakowsky takes charge of Implosion. Objections from Chicago Lab, Oppenheimer: "I think these people in Chicago are naive." Teller: "It's a terrible responsibility." Death of Roosevelt.
5. Episode 5 - Decision to drop A-Bomb on Japan. Trinity - Kistiakowsky blamed for implosion test failure. Oppenheimer: "I have become death."
6. Episode 6 - Late 1940s, 7. June 1949: Oppenheimer summoned before closed session of House Unamerican Activities Committee, Frank Oppenheimer fired from his position at U Minnesota, Russian A-Bomb, Teller pro hydrogen bomb ("Super"): "We can see no limit to the potential destructive power of the hydrogen." Atomic Energy Commission General Advisory Commission (GAC) meeting, Lewis Strauss approves investigation into Oppenheimer, Teller tries to find scientists to work on Super, Oppenheimer declines: "It will be insatiable!". Oppenheimer's candid talk at Los Alamos about Strategic Air Command's (Curtis LeMay) paranoid war philosophy, his security clearance revoked, investigation doubts Oppenheimer's truthfulness. In the Matter of J. Robert Oppenheimer (in cache)
7. Episode 7 - 1954 Hearings, Teller's testimony, late life in Princeton.

INTENSO#2 - Molecular Biology

Secret Universe - The Hidden Life of the Cell (2012)

Director: Michael Davis (as Mike Davis)
Writers: Patrick Makin, Adam Rosenthal
full cast and crew

Our Secret Universe - Resources

Secret Universe - Das verborgene Leben der Zelle (2012)

INTENSO#2 - Dokus - Eine Maschine verändert die Welt

Eine Maschine verändert die Welt

• Teil 1 - Wie die Computer rechnen lernten.
  Ein Jahr nach dem 2. Weltkrieg wurde der erste Großrechner um eine Summe von 3 Millionen Dollar gebaut. Dieser Großrechner hatte die Kapazität eines heutigen Taschenrechners, war aber trotzdem eine bahnbrechende Erfindung.
  In wenigen Jahrzehnten entwickelte sich der Computer zur wichtigsten Maschine unserer Zeit und wurde für die Menschen, ob zu Hause oder in der Berufswelt, allgegenwärtig. Doch wie kam man überhaupt auf die Idee, eine solche Maschine zu bauen. Der erste Mensch, der sich mit der Idee befasste, eine solche Maschine zu bauen, war Charles Babbage, um Rechenprozeduren von Fehlern zu befreien. Zu seiner Zeit gab es noch sogenannte "Rechenknechte", deren Aufgabe es war, langwierige Rechenoperationen auszuführen, die für die Industrie und die Schifffahrt (Navigation) sehr wichtig waren.
  1822 erfand Babbage die erste Rechenmaschine, die aber noch mechanisch arbeitete und nichts mit den heutigen Computern gemeinsam hatte. Seine "Differenzmaschine", mit Dampf betrieben, funktionierte jedoch nie. Bald schon merkte der Professor für Mathematik an der Universität in Cambridge, dass eine solche Maschine zu einseitig war, und versuchte eine variablere Maschine herzustellen. Erste Heimcomputer kamen mit einem ROM, der das Betriebssystem beinhaltete.
  Damit war ein Update nur durch Austausch dieses (seinerzeit teuren) Bausteins möglich. Auch standen nicht immer ROMs mit ausreichender Speicherkapazität zur Verfügung. Daher ging man dazu über, die Computer mit einer Firmware auszuliefern, die das Betriebssystem von einem externen Speichermedium lädt. Da der IBM-PC - im Gegensatz zu seinen damaligen Konkurrenzerzeugnissen - ausschließlich mit handelsüblichen Komponenten aufgebaut war, führte dies zu zahlreichen Nachbauten.
  Der IBM-PC entwickelte sich zu einem inoffiziellen Industriestandard, weil er ohne Lizenzierung von IBM nachgebaut werden konnte.
• Teil 2 - Die Computerindustrie entsteht.
• Teil 3 - Computer für alle
• Teil 4 - Künstliche Intelligenz

INTENSO#1 - Feynman

No Ordinary Genius

Richard Feynman - Los Alamos From Below

Richard Feynman - Best Mind Since Einstein

INTENSO#1 - Einstein

E = m c² - Einsteins Big Idea

INTENSO#1 - Club of Rome

2052 - A Global Forecast for the Next Forty Years Launch in Rotterdam Part 1

2052- A Global Forecast for the Next Forty Years Launch in Rotterdam Part 2

INTENSO#1 - PBS

NIKOLA TESLA (1856 - 1941) - MASTER OF LIGHTNING - Discovery-Science-History (documentary)

PBS Space Documentary - Welcome to Mars

Wernher von Braun, Missile to the moon (documentary) PBS, 2012

INTENSO#1 - BBC

Nelson Mandela

BBC - History - Nelson Mandela 1918-2013 by David Dimbleby

Rolihlahla Mandela was born in Transkei, South Africa on 18 July 1918 and was given the name of Nelson by one of his teachers. His father Henry was a respected advisor to the Thembu royal family.

ANC involvement
Mandela was educated at the University of Fort Hare and later at the University of Witwatersrand, qualifying in law in 1942. He became increasingly involved with the African National Congress (ANC), a multi-racial nationalist movement trying to bring about political change in South Africa. In 1948, the National Party came to power and began to implement a policy of 'apartheid', or forced segregation on the basis of race. The ANC staged a campaign of passive resistance against apartheid laws.
In 1952, Mandela became one of the ANC's deputy presidents. By the late 1950s, faced with increasing government discrimination, Mandela, his friend Oliver Tambo and others began to move the ANC in a more radical direction. In 1956, Mandela went on trial for treason. The court case lasted five years, and ended with Mandela being acquitted

Sharpeville
In March 1960, 69 black anti-apartheid demonstrators were killed by police at Sharpeville. The government declared a state of emergency and banned the ANC. In response, the organisation abandoned its policy of non-violence and Mandela helped establish the ANC's military wing 'Umkhonto we Sizwe' or 'The Spear of the Nation'. He was appointed its commander-in-chief and travelled abroad to receive military training and to find support for the ANC.

Life imprisonment
On his return he was arrested and sentenced to five years in prison. In 1963, Mandela and other ANC leaders were tried for plotting to overthrow the government by violence. The following year Mandela was sentenced to life imprisonment. He was held in Robben Island prison, off the coast of Cape Town, and later in Pollsmoor Prison on the mainland. During his years in prison he became an international symbol of resistance to apartheid.
In 1990, the South African government responded to internal and international pressure and released Mandela, at the same time lifting the ban against the ANC. In 1991 Mandela became the ANC's leader.

A respected global statesman
He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize together with FW de Klerk, then president of South Africa, in 1993. The following year South Africa held its first multi-racial election and Mandela was elected its first black president.
In 1998, he was married for the third time to Graça Machel, the widow of the president of Mozambique. Mandela's second wife, Winnie, whom he married in 1958 and divorced in 1996, remains a controversial anti-apartheid activist.
In 1997 he stepped down as ANC leader and in 1999 his presidency of South Africa came to an end. In 2004, Mandela announced his retirement from public life, although his charitable work continued. On 29 August 2007, a permanent statue to him was unveiled in Parliament Square, London.

INTENSO#1 - WBGU

INTENSO#1 - WBGU

Lectures 02 - Reinhold Leinfelder: Global Megatrends

• Episode 1 - Megatrends on the earth system
• Episode 2 - Megatrends on global economy and society
• Episode 3 - Interview

LEXAR 8GB - Climate Change - WBGU

Lectures 03 - Stefan Rahmstorf: Climate Change

• Episode 1 - Basic facts about global warming
• Episode 2 - Impacts of climate change and mitigation
• Episode 3 - Interview

INTENSO#1 - WBGU

Lectures 08 - Claus Leggewie: Agents of Transformation

• Episode 1 - Values, knowledge and action
• Episode 2 - Change agents
• Episode 3 - Interview

Transcripts of Episode 2