Das Problem: Bedrohte Netzneutralität

Quelle der Informationen: Savetheinternet

Jochen Gruber


Die EU-Kommission hat eine "Regulation of the Telecom Single Market" vorgeschlagen, die es Internet-Anbietern (Internet Service Providers, ISPs)  erlauben würde, von Unternehmen (z.B. Content-Anbietern, aber auch kleinen, möglicherweise sehr innovativen Start-Ups) für die Durchleitung von Inhalten ("online services") Geld zu verlangen, ganz wie es ihren wirtschaftlichen Interessen entspricht. Die Kommission nennt diese Dienste "specialised services". 


Das könnte zu einem zweistufigen Internet führen, wenn die Finanzkraft von Unternehmen weitgehend die Inhalte der Daten bestimmt, die wir als Internet-Nutzer erhalten: (a) ein Internet der finanzstarken Unternehmen, (b) ein Internet der Übrigen, z.B. Blogs, kleinere Firmen.


Wenn der Kommissionsvorschlag nicht ergänzt wird, könnten ISPs Inhalte blockieren, ohne dass eine gesetzliche Handhabe dagegen existierte. Anbieter dürfen aber nicht die Internet-Polizei sein und entscheiden können, welche Inhalte sie zu welchen Bedingungen zu uns Nutzern durchlassen. 


In etwa 2 Monaten beginnt der Wahlkampf zum Europäische Parlament (Wahltag ist der 25.5.2014). Aber vorher schon könnte dieses Parlament über unsere Rechte und Freiheiten entscheiden! Zum 27. Februar ist der Termin anberaumt, an dem der Ausschuss für Industrie, Forschung und Energie (ITRE-Committee) des EU-Parlaments abstimmen wird. 



Argumente

1. SaveTheInternet.eu

Markus Beckedahl und Thomas Lohninger haben zum Schluß ihres Beitrags zum 30C3 als Kampagnenplattform savetheinternet.eu vorgestellt. 


Dort findet man Argumente und einen Argumentationsvorschlag für eine Email (Email-Button links oben auf dieser Seite neben der MEP-Karte drücken) an Mitglieder des Europäischen Parlaments (MEPs).


2. AccessNow

Alles Folgende ist aus dem Blogpost vom 17. September 2013

"Commission proposal fails to deliver promise of Net Neutrality"

von Raegan MacDonald, Giusy Cannella


To avoid misleading interpretations of the net neutrality principle and laws that would undermine its essence, Access will soon publish a position paper on net neutrality that includes a clear set of principles [am Ende dieses Anhang] that we urge to include in the proposed Regulation to safeguard the open and neutral internet in Europe. 


What’s in the proposed anti-net neutrality law?

Article 23 of the proposed Regulation contains very conflicting provisions. The article starts off well, allowing end users “to access and distribute information and content, run applications and use services of their choice” (23(1)).

But vague wording and loopholes abound. For instance, the provision banning discriminatory measures, including “blocking, slowing down, degrading or discriminating against specific content, applications or services” (23(5)), also contains a broad range of exceptions, weakening this very important prohibition.

One of the more problematic of which calls traffic management “reasonable” when it “encompasses prevention or impediment of serious crimes, including voluntary actions of providers to prevent access to and distribution of child pornography” (Recital 47). This would give the green light to restrictions on freedom of communication that could be applied by ISPs without due process of law, which is in direct violation of Article 52 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights.

Furthermore, these provisions are rendered completely meaningless by allowing internet access providers to enter into commercial agreements with big content providers in order to prioritise internet traffic (23(2)) -- thus completely undermining the essence of net neutrality (more on why this is harmful can be found here).


The proposed Regulation also encourages special agreements on data volumes (23(2)). Although this practice is not discriminatory per se, this is increasingly used as a way to provide preferential access to certain services, thereby undermining competition and innovation. For instance, Deutsche Telekom imposes strict data caps on internet access contracts, but the company’s own streaming service, “T-Entertain”, does not count against this data allowance. This effectively limits the market for legal online music.

Enshrining incentives for service and content providers to offer such preferential agreements would not only be harmful to the exercise of rights online (a concern also raised by DG Justice in the aforementioned leaked document), but it would also be, to use Kroes’ own words, "a death sentence for innovators.”


The proposed Regulation would make these harmful practices the rule rather than the exception.


A Commissioner who does not keep her promises

... Commissioner Kroes has betrayed her promises by placing the interests of large telecom companies ahead of EU citizens, delivering a proposal that will not only stifle innovation in the EU online market, but could undermine the Charter of Fundamental rights, namely Article 11, the freedom to receive and impart information. ...


What’s Next?

The legislation will soon be in the hands of the European Parliament. In the past few years, Parliamentarians have expressed strong support for binding provisions on network neutrality (here and here); they now have a golden opportunity to amend the text and see (real) net neutrality come to fruition in Europe.

However, as the elections in the Parliament are quickly approaching, there is a strong possibility that this dossier will be delayed until the new Parliament takes office in July 2014. At this point, it is therefore unclear as to how the proposed Regulation will proceed, and what will be the priorities of the new Parliament.

Whether it is with this group of Parliamentarians or the next, in order to truly prevent ISPs from engaging in network discrimination, the Regulation will need to be amended, including some deletions and tightening of key provisions. If MEPs manage to close these loopholes, we could very well have strong net neutrality protections (like the Dutch and Slovenian laws) in the EU.

mehr in

Estelle Masse, Raegan MacDonald "Net neutrality in the EU: Update and state of play on TSM Regulation", 11 December 2013.



7. PRINCIPLES OF A NET NEUTRALITY LAW

from: NET NEUTRALITY! ENDING NETWORK DISCRIMINATION IN EUROPE

by Giusy Cannella, Raegan MacDonald & Jochai Ben-Avie


In order to end network discrimination and ensure a thriving and neutral internet, we recommend that the following provisions are enshrined into law:


1. The internet must be kept open and neutral. Reachability between all endpoints connected to the internet, without any form of restriction, must be maintained.


2. All data traffic should be treated on an equitable basis no matter its sender, recipient, type, or content. All forms of discriminatory traffic management, such as blocking or throttling should be prohibited.


3. ISPs shall refrain from any interference with internet users’ freedom to access content and use applications of their choice from any device of their choice, unless such interference is strictly necessary and proportionate to:

  1. (as a transient and exceptional measure,) Mitigate the consequences of congestion, while treating the same kinds of traffic in the same manner;
  2. Safeguard the integrity and safety of the network, the service, or a terminal device of the user (e.g. blocking viruses and DDOS-traffic);
  3. Block the delivery of unsolicited commercial messages (e.g. spam), but only if the subscriber has given prior consent;
  4. Respect specific legal obligations or v. Comply with an explicit request from the subscriber, provided the subscriber may revoke the request without any increase in subscription fee at any time.

4. Use of packet inspection software (including storage and re-use of associated data) should be reviewed by national data protection regulators to assess compliance with the EU’s data protection and fundamental rights framework. By default, these types of inspection techniques should only examine header information.


Was man zunächst als Einzelner tun könnte

Anfangend mit der Seite...

http://www.savetheinternet.eu/#act


... kann man Europa-Abgeordnete (MEPs) kontaktieren, deren Parteizugehörigkeit einem zusagt. 


Dazu als Erstes auf ...

http://www.savetheinternet.eu/#act

... den Button "Call, free of charge" drücken. Danach wählt man das gewünschte Land der MEPs, findet die Seite eines zufälligen ausgewählten MEP und findet dessen Daten über den dortigen Button "Get more info".


ausführlicher

Wie findet man die Email-Adresse und Telefonnummer eines Mitglieds des Europäischen Parlaments (MEP)?

1. Schritt: MEP auswählen

Auf ...

http://www.savetheinternet.eu/#act

... den Button "Call, free of charge" drücken. 


1a) Auf der neuen Seite im Scroll-down Menu "Choose a Country" auswählen (z.B. Deutschland) und

1b) dann Button "Choose another radom MEP" drücken. Es erscheint die Startseite A eines deutschen MEP.


2. Schritt: Email-Adresse finden

Auf der neuen Seite den Button "Get more info..." drücken. Es erscheint die Seite B mit den Daten des MEP, u.a. mit seiner Email-Adresse.


3. Schritt: Weiteres MEP finden

3a) Mit dem Rückwärtspfeil des Browsers zurück zur Startseite A des MEP gehen und

3b) dann Button "Choose another radom MEP" drücken. Es erscheint die Startseite AA des randomisiert ausgewählten weiteren deutschen MEP.


Jetzt 2. Schritt "Email-Adresse finden" wiederholen. 


Mir jedem 3. Schritt beginnt ein weiterer Zyklus zu einem weiteren MEP.


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Version: 7. Januar 2014